| Reproductive performance is one of the most important factor affecting dairy farm profitability, because it directly or indirectly influences the yield of milk, reproductive culling rate and the cost for breeding and calf sales. Dairy reproductive function had declined obviously in the past twenty years. Cows that have been highly selected for milk production in recent decades have suffered a decline in cow fertility, fertility is a multi-factorial trait and its deterioration has been caused by a network of genetic, environmental and managerial factors and their complex interactions make it difficult to determine the exact reason for this decline. For this reasons, we carried out two studies were conducted during2012,2013and2014.1. Immunohistochemical and biological investigations ovarian Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)1,2and nitric oxide (NO) and hormones profile in infertile dairy cowsThe objective is to investigate several hormones correlated to the reproduction, inhibin A, inhibin B and NO levels and demonstrate the ovarian MMP1,2to illustrate the physiological causes of dairy cows infertility.40Holstein cows included21infertile cows and19normal cows during their estrous phase to limit as possible as the hormones fluctuation. Blood samples used for measurement of LH, FSH, E2, inhibins (A and B), testosterone and NO. The ovarian tissues used for demostrate of MMP-1and MMP-2with Real-Time PCR and Immunohistochemistry. LH, E2and NO results observed significant decreased in the infertile cows P<0.05compared to normal cows, in spite of decreasing levels in testosterone of the infertile cows but not significantly (P>0.05). Inhibins A and B showed significant decrease levels (P<0.05) in the infertile cows compared to their levels obtained from normal cows. FSH illustrated significantly higher levels in the infertile cows than normal cows (P<0.05). Real time-PCR results of MMP-1and MMP-2expressions in the ovarian tissue were lower in infertile cows compared with normal cows (P<0.05), the immunohistochemical localizations (in situ) showed decrease expression of MMP-1and MMP-2of ovaries of infertile cows in different parts of ovarian tissues and granulosa and theca cells of preovulatory follicle, epithelial follicular cells of primary and secondary follicles, stromal ovarian cells and endothelial cells of ovarian blood vessels.2. Herbaleonuri (HL) and Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) for treatment the induced infertility by cadmium chloride (CdC12) of female Wister ratsThe objectives of the present work to evaluate the treatment of induced infertility of female Wister rats by CdC12using two kinds of Chinese herbs (herba leonuri and Radix salviae meltiorrhizae) through recover the ovarian functions and reproduction disturbance and repair the expression of MMP-1,2, and Smad3genes in ovaries.72females of Wistar rats were participated in this work, compromised6groups, Normal group (n=12) and the other60females rats were undergo of infertility induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of CdCl2for4times within2estrous cycles, these rats were randomly divided into5groups (n=12of each) according to kinds of treatment:RSM group; HL group; Mix herbs (1:1), Vit. E group as control (+) group; and infertile group (control-ve). The results of LH, E2, INH-A and INH-B (ng/L) at the normal state before CdC12injection were236.97±2.48,1.46±0.29,125.71±0.88and50.15±2.08 respectively, while after CdC12injections showed sharply decrease (P<0.05) recorded173.93±1.77,0.87±0.0209,82.33±2.02and29.43±2.07respectively. FSH recorded216.36±2.93and304.23±6.6for normal and infertile rats respectively, statistically this increase was significant (P<0.05). The results after4days of treatment with different kinds of treatments include (Vit. E, HL, RSM, mixed herbs, and control±ve) showed increased in the levels of LH, E2, INH-A, and INH-B, the animals group of treated with mixed herbs (HL and RSM) showed the higher levels compared to others but all of groups showed significant decrease to the normal state P<0.05. FSH after4days of treatment showed decrease in levels in all groups recorded a higher decreasing in mixed herbs groups but also statistically was significant comparing to normal values P<0.05. The genes expression of MMP-1,2and Smad3in the ovarian tissue decreased significantly P<0.05in infertile rats after CdCl2injections. After4days of treatments showed slightly increase in the expression of these genes with different kinds of treatments, the animals treated with mixed herbs showed higher expression than others but all groups were significantly P<0.05compared to the normal state.Treatment after8days of showed more increase in the levels of LH, E2, INH-A and INH-B and expression of MMP-1,2and Smad3genes in ovarian tissues in groups treated with Vit. E, HL, RSM and control (-ve) but this increase statistically still showing significant different P<0.05compared to normal state, except the animals treated with mixed herbs (HL and RSM) showed higher increased levels of the hormones and genes expression than other groups also showed no significant difference to normal state P>0.05. The FSH levels decrease in all groups but only the mixed herbs group showed no significant difference P>0.05compared with normal values, but other groups revealed a significant difference P<0.05compared with normal values.Conclusions:the study of the first part confirmed that the infertile dairy cows have a poor ovarian activity and poorly follicular development, affecting the numbers of developing follicles and abnormal follicular development due to the adverse effect of hormones, inhibins and NO. A decrease of ovarian MMP-1and MMP-2expressions and the total nitric oxide of infertile cows indicated the improper development of follicles and the reproduction.The second experiment approved using a combination of Herba leonuri and Radix salviae miltiorrhizae provided optimum treatment of female infertility through repairing the ovarian function and adjustment the levels of hormones to the normal values. Mixed herbs (HL and RSM) repair and maintain the endocrine mechanism related to the reproduction and the ovarian functions by increase the quality and numbers of developing follicles due to augmentation of the molecules referring to increasing the numbers and maturation of the follicles which are (Inhibins, hormones, MMP1,2and the Newly aspect approves through positive effects on expression of Smad3gene in the ovarian tissue. |
PDF Full Text Request