Effect Of Iron, Manganese And Other Microelements On Growth And Effective Ingredients Of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge

Danshen is one of Chinese Herbal medicines, which comes from the root of Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge., a kind of medicinal plant, which widely grow in China.It has been classifies its natures as activating collateral and stopping pain,promoting blood circulation and restoring menstrual flow, easing the disturbed state of mind.In this paper, the effect of iron and manganese on the growth and effective ingredients of Danshen(Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge.) were researched in order to offer theoretical basis for standard cultivation.The effect of iron and manganese on Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge. growth was expounded, the mechanism of microelement iron and manganese on the three tanshinones of Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge. was investigated, and the migration distribution of iron and manganese in Salviae Miltiorrhizae bunge. was discussed under condition of sand culture in gradually in this paper. In addition, the effect with singular element (Cu,Zn,B,Mo) deficiency on Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge. growth and quality was also studied.The main results were as follows:1. Sand pot culture experiments results showed that it promoted the Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge. main root elongation with proper application of iron (9.0 mg/kg) and manganese (14.0 mg/kg). However, it inhibited the main root elongation with too much iron and manganese. Iron and manganese applying properly was benefit for the above-ground and underground biomass accumulation. Iron within a certain concentration range (9.0 mg/kg) applying was also benefit for three tanshinones accumulation in the roots. In the harvest time, the contents of tanshinones in the treatment with 9.0 mg/kg of iron concentration were the highest. Compared with control, the increased values were 192.3%,58.6%,209.7%. The contents of tanshinones of Salviae miltiorrhizae increased but decreased later with the increase of manganese concentration. The concentration of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I of the treatment with 21 mg/kg of manganese reached the highest level. The concentration of tanshinoneⅡA was the most when the manganese concentration of 14 mg/kg applied. Tanshinol and protocatechuic aldehyde, these two water-soluble constituents of Salviae miltiorrhizae, didn't show regularity with the increase of iron and manganese concentration. Under the experimental conditions, the iron content in stem and leaf of Salviae miltiorrhizae reached maximum 1792.72 mg/kg when the iron concentration of 18 mg/kg applied. While the iron content in toot of Salviae reached maximum with 13.5 mg/kg Fe. The manganese content in stem, leaf and root showed a positive correlation with manganese rate under different manganese levels. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and carotenoids contents in the leaves of Salviae miltiorrhizae increased with the increase of iron and manganese concentration during root enlarging stage. These photosynthetic pigments content increased with the increase of manganese concentration during harvesting stage either, but increased gradually. It promoted activities of PPO and POD of the plants with the proper iron and manganese applying. Enzymes activities of the Salviae miltiorrhizae enhanced but decreased later with the increasing of iron and manganese concentration. Enzymes activities of Fe (13.5 mg/kg) and Mn (21.0 mg/kg) plants were stronger than that of other controls. Besides, activities of PPO and POD were correlated with three tanshinones contents in the roots of Salviae.2. Quartz sand culture experiments results showed that exogenous iron and manganese promoted the shoot and root growth of the plants when suitable amount were applied. The biomass dry weight of the shoot in the treatment with 13.5 mg/kg of iron concentration was the higher than the orhers significantly, while the biomasses dry weight of the root in the treatment of Mn 42 was the lowest.Iron or manganese within a certain concentration range applying was also benefit for three tanshinones accumulation in the roots. In the harvest stage, cryptotanshinone content of Fe 9.0 mg/kg reached maximum 1.07 mg/kg as well as the tanshinone I and tanshinoneⅡA contents of Fe 13.5 mg/kg reached maximum respectively (0.35 mg/kg,1.70mg/kg). Cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I content increased with the increase of manganese concentration under different manganese levels, whereas tanshinoneⅡA content increased but decreased later. Active iron content in leaves of Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge. increased with the increase of iron and manganese concentration, which reached maximum with the treatment of Fe (27 mg/kg) and Mn (42mg/kg). MDA contents increased along with the increase of iron concentration, so did the manganese levels. NR activities of managanese levels were stronger than control, and NR activities of of the Salviae miltiorrhizae in harvest-stage were stronger than those in rhe early time (40 d and 110 d).3. The nutrient deficiency experiments results showed that it affected indirectly the shoot and root growth of the plants with Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn deficiency. And it was not benefit for accumnlation of dry matter. The iron deficiency treatment has a significantly influence on the growth of shoot. The three tanshinones and tanshinol accumulation were significantly inhibited with microelement iron deficiency. Manganese deficiency was affected three tanshinones, tanshinol and protocatechuic aldehyde content in roots of plants.TanshinoneⅡA and the two water-soluble constituents content were low in the treatments lacking of cooper and zinc. TanshinoneⅠ, tanshinoneⅡA and the two water-soluble constituents contents of B deficiency were lower thanthe control. The three tanshinones accumulation were inhibited with Mo deficiency.