Effects Of Different Applying Methods Of Copper And Zinc And AM Fungi Under Different P-Applied Levels On Growth And Tanshinones Of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge

Salvia is a Chinese traditional herbal medicines. In recent years, as the increasing of the market demand, its cultivated areas has expanded year by year. However, due to extensive cultivation practices and overcommit of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the properties and environmental deterioration of soil have being degradated, resulting in yield and quality of Salvia decreasing. In this paper, effects of different applying methods of copper and zinc and AM fungi under different P-applied levels on growth, and tanshinones of cultivated Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge were studied, in order to offer theoretical basis for scientific fertilization and make full use of AM fungi of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge Cultivation.Effects of different Applying methods of copper and zinc on growth, physiological characteristics and tanshinones of cultivated Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge were studied under condition of soil culture, in order to explor the best applying methods and applying time of copper and zinc in Salvia cultivation. Besides, effects of AM fungi on the growth and chemical compostion of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge.under different P-applied levels on growth, the mechanism of AM fungi on the three Lipophilic Components of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge was investigated. Main original results are shown as follows.1. The results showed that separate or interactive application of copper and zinc can promote the growth and tanshinones of cultivated Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge, three applying methods (base application, topdressing and spraying application) of interactive application of Cu and Zn were better than those of separate application of Cu or Zn. In the group of separate application of copper, spraying application of copper is better than based and topdressing application. In the group of separate application of Zn, base application is better than topdressing and spraying application In the experimental conditions, with available copper in the soil essentially enough(1.0 mg/kg soil), the effect of early basal application and top dressing application on the growth and some physiological indicators of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge is litter than that of mid-spraying application. When the soil available zinc was at a low level (0.4 mg/kg soil), early basal and topdressing application significantly better than mid-sprayed application.Therefore, the suggestion of the best time and applying methods of application of Cu and Zn on cultivated Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge is:the best time for application of copper and zinc is 30 days after transplant seedlings (after turning green). In the field production it is recommended to be used as basal fertilizer mixed with N,P,K fertilizer. On the application method, the first choice is base application (especially when the soil available copper and zinc are at low levle), spraying application followed (when the soil available Cu and Zn were higher than the critical value of plant nutrients 1-2 times).On the fertilizer amount, it was CuSO4·5H2O 5-10kg/hm2 and ZnSO4·7H2O was 10-20kg/hm2 as the base fertilizer. When they used as Spraying fertilizer, the fertilizer rate was CuSO4·5H2O 225-450 g/hm2 (spray concentration is 0.03-0.06%) with fluid volume 750kg, ZnSO4·7H2O 450-900 g/hm2 (spray concentration is 0.03-0.06%) with fluid volume 750kg.2. Inoculating AM fungi promoted the AM infection of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge roots forming a good symbiotic relationship. After inoculation of AM fungi, formation of mycorrhizal root expanded Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge absorption range in the soil, promoted Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge plants absorbing more nutrients and plants biomass accumulation, increased the tanshinones of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge by Symbiosis with the plant.3. AM fungi had significant effects on the growth and accumulation of active ingredients of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge under different P application levels. Moderate levels of phosphorus, AM fungal increased the plant biomass, mycorrhizal colonization rate, root activity and root POD, PPO activity, effectively improved the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, soluble sugar content of leaves of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge, obviously promoted three tanshinone substances accumulation of root, promoted Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge plant to absorpt and utilize soil N, K, had little effect on the soluble protein content of leaves and soil available P absorption. At the suitable P level (80 mg P·kg-1), mycorrhizal infection rate of and PPO, POD activity of inoculated plants were highest, the accumulation of biomass and tanshinones of inoculated plants were the most significant. When the soil is not phosphorus or low phosphorus, growth advantage of inoculated plants was not obvious, at high level of P (P 320 mg·kg-1), the tanshinone components of inoculated plants was lower than that of non-inoculated plants, showed negative effects on the tanshinone accumulation. This indicates that the P application and AM fungi had significantly interactive effects on the growth and three tanshinone substances accumulation of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge. Therefore, P application should be appropriate to give full play to the beneficial effects that of promoting the growth of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge. The results showed that, AM fungi and the P application had significantly interactive effects on the physiological characteristics and nutrient uptake of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge, the physiological characteristics and nutrient absorption of inoculated strains were significantly improved compared with non-inoculated plants. Applying 80mg P·kg-1, the effects of inoculation with AM fungi was most obvious. It illustrated that a best combination of relationship exists among AM fungi, P application and the growth of the Salvia, Using AM fungi can increase the production of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge while reducing the amount of P application, achieveing efficient use of P fertilizer phosphorus.