The Fire Simulation Research Of Forest-meadow Area In Da Hinggan Ling Southern Region

Fire is one of the primary agents in forest ecosystems. Historically, wildfire played asignificant role in creating and maintaining landscape structure, biodiversity, and forest health.It is very dangerous to deal with forest fire. In fire behavior research, it is necessary to acquirearea, perimeter, rate of spread, fire intensity, flame length and total fuel consumption. But theprocesses of research are slowly because of complexity in fire behavior research and difficultyin experiment. Forest fire simulation is one of the methods in fire behavior research. Also it ishelpful when fight forest fire and reduce forest fire losses. Prometheus is a national interagencyfire management decision support tool developed by the Canadian Wildland Fire GrowthModel (CWFGM) Project Team. It used to simulate fire spread across landscapes withheterogeneous fuels and topography based on daily or hourly weather data.In this paper, we divided daily forest fire danger into different rating by FWI which baseon the hourly weather data of Da Hinggan Ling southern region from April10to October21in2013. We use Prometheus as a tool for forest fire simulation to simulate the forest firespreading in forest meadow areas in Da Hinggan Ling southern region. The vegetation inresearch area has been defined to5vegetation types such as the meadow, broad-leaf forest,broad-leaf forest meadow, coniferous forest and coniferous forest meadow. We also choosedthe date with low precipitation to simulate the spread of lightning fire in research area betweenMay and August. In which the vegetation in research area has been defined to4vegetationtypes such as the broad-leaf forest, broad-leaf forest meadow, coniferous forest and coniferousforest meadow. We compared the fire behavior indexes of simulation results. The researchencompassed several major topics as follows:Under the condition of forest fire danger level4, the spread rate, fire intensity and flamelength of meadow area in different month is0.5~1.0m/min,200~600kw/m,0.5~1.5m. The firebehavior parameters of broad-leaved forest is0.5~1.0m/min,200~300kw/m,0.5~1.0m. The fire behavior parameters of coniferous forest is1.0~3.0m/min,500~2000kw/m,1.0~3.5m.Under the condition of forest fire danger level5, the spread rate, fire intensity and flamelength of meadow area in different month is1.5~7.5m/min,350~5000kw/m,1.0~4.0m. Thefire behavior parameters of broad-leaved forest is0.5~3.0m/min,180~1000kw/m,0.7~1.8m.The fire behavior parameters of coniferous forest is1.8~13.7m/min,900~122000kw/m,1.7~8.5m.Under the condition of forest fire danger level5, the crown fire would occur under level5daily forest fire danger rating condition during the fire season except the October.Under the condition of forest fire danger level4The differencein of fire behavior indexesof broad-leaved forest between months was small. In meadow area, the month sorting of firebehavior indexes was: September, October. April, May and June. In coniferous forest, themonth sorting of fire behavior indexes was: April, May, June, October and September.Under the condition of forest fire danger level5The differencein of fire behavior indexesof broad-leaved forest between months was small. In meadow area, the month sorting of spreadrate was: April, September, May, and October. And the month sorting of spread rate was: April,May, September and October. In coniferous forest, the month sorting of spread rate was: April,May, September, July and October. And the month sorting of spread rate was: May, April, July,September and October.Under the condition of simulation, the lightning fire spread rate, fire intensity and flamelength of June is0.4~3.4m/min,160~1500kw/m,1.0~4.0m. And the lightning fire spreadrate, fire intensity and flame length of May is0.3~0.6m/min,200~500kw/m,0.8~1.3m. Themonth sorting all of the spread rate, fire intensity and flame length was: June, May, July,August. The fire behaviorparameters of June and May is high. The fire is hard to put out.