Chinese Literary Field In1958

This dissertation researches the Chinese literary field in1958. A lot of newphenomenons appeared in1958, for example, the new folk song movement, thediscussions of the poetry of the road, the literary great leap forward, communistliterature and art, writing of the history of factories, communes and army,two-combination writing method and so on, which had significant impact on Chinesecontemporary literatue development. But the attention from scholars to theimportance and complexity of the phenomenons of1958is not enough. Selecting thesubject of the Chinese literary field in1958has the meaning of the following threeaspects. Firstly, this subject fills in the blanks at the recriticism, communist literatureand art, writing of the history of factories, communes and army, the collectivecreative way of the party committees, the masses and writers, which was ignored inacademic circles. Secondly, this subject draws attention to the impact and importanceof1958in the development of Chinese contemporary literature. At last, the way ofobserving an era through one year provides a new structure and narrative form ofliterary history.Chapter one examines a series of literary criticism movement in the literary fieldof1958, such as criticizing the poisonous weeds in the double hundred period, criticizing the literary revisionism theory and the second criticism, which aimed atwriting a real world, the idea of individualism and the independence of literature. Thepurpose of this criticism is to repair the literary norms by punishing offenders.Chapter two combs the process of the literary and art of Great Leap Forwardmovement. A lot of new phenomenons, such as revolutionary memoirs, writing of thehistory of factories, communes and army, the collective creative way of the partycommittees, the masses and writers, communist literature and art, are researched inthis charpter. The socialist Great Leap Forward literature and art produces bud ofcommunism arts. After beating the capital and revisionist literature, it inherits thetradition of the proletarian and socialist literature before double hundred literature anddetermines the direction and the basic form of the following20years.Chapter three observes the discussion on the development road of poetry. Firstly,it describes the course of discussion caused by the new folk songs. Secondly, itanalyses the differences and focuses between the two sides in the discussion. At last,this chapter elaborates the influence and significance of the discussion. The folkdirection caused by the discussion abandoned the basis of new poetry since the MayFourth in1919and reversed the direction of development of the May Fourth poetryand literature. Canceling the influence of foreign poetry, it hindered the road ofChinese poetry learning from foreign poetry and cut off the modernization journey of Chinese poetry and literature by world resources.Chapter four focuses on the theoretical results of the literature and art of theGreat Leap Forward，that is the two-combination writing method. The first quarternarrates the process of the production of two-combination and its reason and itscontact with socialist realism. Section two summarizes the essence of two-combination method. It extrudes revolutionary romanticism, through which chokesthe realistic and critical spirit just appeared in the double hundred period and turnsliterature into qualified political tool. Section three examines the literature writingunder the guidance of two-combination method and points out that it has become thepilot of the Cultural Revolution literature which is hypocritical and emptiness.Chapter five researches the edge, heterogeneous, and the potential writingrestricted under new standards. Many works focusing on the artistic personality,expressing complex personal feelings, and creating complex characters had beencriticized because of not meeting the rules. The spirit of saying the truth and criticalvoice was kept from public view, so the creation of the sober people had to gounderground. We must salvage their voices and listen to their speech.The dissertation summarizes the impact and function of many phenomenons inthe literary, such as the recriticism, criticizing the literary revisionism theory,communist literature and art, writing of the history of factories, communes and army, the collective creative way of the party committees, the masses and writers, thepotential creation of1958. The dissertation describes the position and role of the yearof1958in the development and change of Chinese contemporary literature, throughwhich helps people have a deeper understanding on the phases of the development ofthe Chinese contemporary literature. In addition, the anatomy of a historical junctionand observing one year is an original research method, which can provide an examplefor the study of literary history.