The Study Folk Characters "four Law" Of Dunhuang Manuscripts

As one of the Buddhist Vinaya masterpieces, Dharmagupta-vinaya is an important corpus for the research on the Middle Chinese.Dunhuang manuscripts better preserve the original appearance of the Dharmagup-vinaya.The thesis selects Dharmagupta-vinaya in Dunhuang manuscripts as the research object,investigates the phenomenon of non-classical words and is divided into three parts. We first collect the manuscripts of Dharmagupta-vinaya in Dunhuang manuscripts,first systematically extract the non-classical words in these manuscripts,and first analyse the parts of non-classical words.Section one is the collection of non-classical words in Dharmagupta-vinaya in Dunhuang manuscripts.Through the index of Dunhuang Manuscripts,we describe the existing situationins of Dharmagupta-vinaya in Dunhuang manuscripts. we take these manuscripts photograph,then extract the non-classical words by means of computer software,and look for writing laws and vulgar writing habits.We adjust the brightness and contrast of these pictures by means of software,and make these pictures of non-classical words become more clear. According to font the non-classical words in these manuscripts are divided into eight categories.Then we analyse the difference between classical words and non-classical words,between wrongly written characters and non-classical words, between ancient words and non-classical words,between words by sound and non-classical words.We conclude wrongly written characters, ancient words and words by sound in these manuscripts are not regarded as non-classical words.But we conclude simplified characters in these manuscripts are regarded as non-classical words.We also analyse the parts of Chinese charater,mainly investigate confusing and variation occurred in non-classical words.Finally,we probe the practical signicance of the study of non-classical words. First,we correct the corruptions in the edition of Dharmagupta-vinaya by means of the study of non-classical words. Second the study of non-classical words plays an immeasurable role in dictionary compilation,modify the accepted views and theories proposed by dictionaries and supplementary and advance illustration.Last it promotes the explaination of words,and have an important meaning in building history of Chinese vocabulary.