Tang Hua-Long And The Politics Of The Period From The End Of Qing And Beginning Of The Republic Of China

Tang Hua-long was one typical and influential figure during the last stage ofQing Dynasty and the early years of Republic of China in which great changes hadtaken place，he had close relationship with the significantly historical event at thattime, producing great influence. Studying the interactive relationship between Tangand political history at that period not only can make us have a comprehensive graspof his life together with function, status in the process of modern politics of China,through Tang’s words and deeds and thinking evolution, we also have a restrictedview on the specially mental state together with behaviour trait of the wholebourgeois liberation party in the complicatedly historical background and summarizehis experiences and lessons from his gains and losses. Meantime, the research alsocan from one side reflect the variously political ecology and social change. Therefore,the thesis takes the Tang and the politics of the last stage of Qing Dynasty and theearly years of Republic of China as breakthrough point, generally and objectivelyexpound his activity and influence. Through the case-by-case analysis about Tang, itprovide us a particular view on this class’s role play and historical fate in the politicalstage.The thesis falls into four parts. The first chapter is the first part, it mainlyintroduce the cause, connotation and evolution of Tang’s political thoughts in orderto point out the fact that though his thoughts changing from the traditional “famousminister politics” to Constitutional monarchy and Republic thought which is confinedto the domain of “sage politics”, then gradually becoming “civilian’s prophet”, yet“pursuing progress with order”,“consolidating the national basis with unity” wasalways his main thought through his life and became the internally thinking cause ofrelationship evolution with the revolutionary and authority. The second, third chapteris the second part, it mainly expound the numerous historical plight faced with byTang in the constitutional movement and the Revolution of1911during the last stageof Qing Dynasty, Tang’s positive effect on carrying forward constitutionalgovernment progress, pushing forward the development of revolution situation, consolidating revolution achievement should surpass its negative effect, hiscontribution would not under the revolutionary. Tang’s mind’s journey of departingfrom Qing government and merging into the revolutionary was consistent with logicof thingking development, not the deed of joining the revolution to seek his gains.The forth chapter is the third part, it mainly discuss Tang, serving as the backbone inthe party, his status, idea, function and relationship with Northern Warlords authorityin the political party. The thesis neither agree that Tang is the hired official ofNorthern Warlords authority nor the opinions completely opposite to each other. Itholds the view that two parties had limited cooperation on the basis of certaininterests. The fifth chapter is the forth part, it mainly summarize Tang’s relationshipnetwork in the political movement during that period. It point out the fact that Tang’sthe most intimate friend was not Liang Qi-chao,but Liu Chong-you. It was the groupmembers’ unite efforts that accomplished Tang’s political achievement. It was alsoprecisely the internal contraditory, division and some members’ idea contrary to Tang,becoming the reactionary force in the group that became one of reason of his failure.There were three political forces in the political stage during that period inChina, landlord authority party represented by Qing government, Northern Warlordsgroup; revolutionary democratic party delegated by Sun Yat-sen,Huang Xing;bourgeois liberalization party embodied by Ling Qi-chao, Tang Hua-long. Being in aposition of serving the emperor as the guide through his life, Tang spared no effort tolead, reconcile the authority and revolutionary democratic party, attemptting to makethem enter the constitutional government track,pursue parliament politicscharacterized by decentralism power, trying to realize the target of saving countrygradually and peacefully by constitutional government. But after the fact that westernconstitutional government concept featured by rationalism serving as a tool whichcould save and develop country was transplanted into China, lack of politically socialenvironment, it could not survive in China at that time. Moreover, being devoid ofstrong support from the social power based on the masses, although taking the wholecountry as his own obligation, bearing patriotism full of enthusiasm, Tang still wasdestined by the tragic result. This tragedy was not only Tang himself misfortune, butalso the portraiture of the whole bourgeois liberation party suffering adverse fortune.