The Research Of Nanjing Guard In Ming Dynasty Zhou Zhong

Nanjing was the capital in initial period of Ming Dynasty. After moving the capital to Beijing in Yongle18years,Nanjing became the secondary capital till the end of Ming Dynasty. From Yongle19years to the end of Ming Dynasty,there were a series of government organizations in Nanjing,including the institutions of civil official, the institutions of militayy official and the institutions of eunuch.Compared with government organizati of Beijing,the duties of government organizations of Nanjing were simpler, their powers were lower than Beijing s.The governors of Ming Dynasty took Nanjing as the foundation,payed more attation to its safety,the centre duty of the government organizations of Nanjing was guarding Nanjing,thus gradually forming a series of unique guarding system of Nanjing towards the end of Ming Dynasty.The official of Nanjing Guard came from three systems, civil official, militayy official and eunuch,including the Interior Guard,the Exterior Guard,the Assistant Guard and the Participant Officer,they were responsible together for the safety of Nanjing. the Interior Guard commanded the institutions of eunuch, the Exterior Guard and the Assistant Guard commanded the institutions of militayy official such as a large number of garrison, the Participant Officer commanded the Minitery of Defense of Nanjing.Compared with the Exterior Guard,the Assistant Guard and the Participant Officer, the duties of the Interior Guard were wider,he can take part in all kinds of important affairs,but the affairs of the institutions of eunuch were monopolized by the Interior Guard.Due to the high trust of the emperors, the Interior Guard played important part in the safety of Nanjing.The Exterior Guard and the Assistant Guard came from aristocrat,they occupied important positions in initial period of Ming Dynasty, they were gradually replaced by the civil official.Their role in guading the safety of Nanjing were lower than the Participant Officer,their trust from the emperor were lower than the Interior Guard.The Participant Officer normally came from the minister of Minitery of Defense of Nanjing, the Minitery of Defense of Nanjing was the most important institution in all the government organizations in Nanjing.The position of Participant Officer was lower than the Exterior Guard,but its power was higher than the Exterior Guard,they actually took charge of the daily operation of guarding Nanjing.The Nanjing Guard system dated from Yongle22years to the end of Ming Dynasty.it was a safe system continued more than200years, it also was the most important political and military system. The Interior Guard,the Exterior Guard,the Assistant Guard and the Participant Officer were responsible together for the safety of Nanjing. Among this time,there were not serious military threat in Nanjing,the city were not ruined,the populace were safe.The safety was due to all the political and military environment,and the geographic advantage,the steady Nanjing Guard system also played a impotant role.This safety system was the highest rank,the most complete and the most steady safety system in Ming Dynasty,having the distinct characteristic, playing important part in the safety of Nanjing.