Research On The Ming Dynasty Beijing Police System

The capital officials assess institution is a political institution created by Ming dynasty, the assess objects are officials in Beijing and Nanjing. Supervision and assess officials is an important measure to maintain the effective of political operation, play an active role in country development, and effective to protect the people’s housing. Capital officials are decision-making groups, access them regularly have more important significance than general officials.The construct of capital officials assess institution experience a long process. It began to build when Chu Yuan-chang work as emperor of Ming dynasty. But its operation is based on the will of the emperor. It hasn’t developed to a fixed institution until the fifth emperor of Ming dynasty. After continuous adjustment by the fifth to eighth emperor of Ming dynasty, it became an fixed institution when the ninth emperor, held once every six years. After relatively fixed in the time of access, there are many other factors have impact on the specific time of access, including the emperor’s personal wishes, the special movement of the heavens, the powerful officials’intervention.The responsibilities of capital officials assess shared by a number of departments and officials. Ministry of Personnel and Censors are the departments that play the most important role, the leaders of the two department are the most important officials in capital officials assess. The leaders of Ministry of personnel examination work division, Censors Henan Road and Official department shared the duties of first instance. Generally, the decide of Capital officials assess made by first instance, when the final decision hold by Ministry of Personnel and leaders of Censors, there only a little changes for first instance. The capital officials assess institution include the hall trial and self-presentation. The officials who take charge below the fifth grade attend the court declare, and the officials who take charge above the fourth grade use the mean of self-presentation. There is a lot of preparation work before the hall trial, it spent about six months for the preparing work, but the hall trial usually spent only one day. Contrary with the hall trial, self-presentation doesn’t need too much preparation. After the hall trial and self-presentation, the emperor needs to reply the assess results. Then the monitors began to accuse the un-punishment officials. Ministry of personnel needed to check the officials who had being accused and report to the emperor. After the emperor makes the final judgment, the capital officials assess of that six years go to the end.The result of capital officials assess affected by various factors. The emperor of the ancient society have he supreme authority, the decisions of appointment and punishment all made by the will of the emperor to a great extent. The emperor also has the right to make the final decision in the capital officials assess. The Cabinet is higher than the position of Ministry of Personnel, as a supporting institutions.So it’s affect can not be ignored. As competent authorities of officials and agencies with take primary responsibility in the capital officials assess. It is very clear that Ministry of Personnel will play a crucial role in the capital officials assess. Censors promote or hinder the function of the Ministry of Personnel to some extent. The principal leaders of each ministry can also give some help to their subordinates.The advantages and disadvantages of the capital officials assess institution are obvious. When come to the advantages, the accused system design is overall, rigor and rationality. But we can’t neglect the disadvantages of the institution, it mainly reflected in the assess cycle is too long, investigation result injustice, leaders shield subordinates, etc. Because of the above reasons, cheat in the assess repeat time after time, severely weaken expected effect of assess institution. But the meanings of the capital officials assess institution are significant, include clarify the officialdom culture, incentives to officials and maintain social stability.