Liberty Alliance Free People

National problems present more and strong trend, is pressing for us to review the history and reality of the national theory and policy of the communist party of China. So, can not only clarify national theory of marxism classical thinkers, to achieve the purpose of clearring up the origin of the theory, also be able to rethink the necessity of regional national autonomy system is established and must be improved, in further can do more for the construction of theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.From a historical point of view, the national theory and policies of the communist party of China are directly derived from Lenin, concrete is Lenin’s national self-determination thought,"free coalition of free nation" thought and federal state thought. National equality and national union unified and indivisible,"free coalition of free nation" is the core essence of Lenin’s national problem program, the federal republic is the form of "free coalition of free nation" of all Soviet nation. Lenin’s national theory and policy were able to accept by the communist party of China, first because of Soviet Russia to promote world revolution, imposing active impact on the China branch; senond because of the early leaders of the communist party of China to fight for national freedom, awared of the falsity of the bourgeois national self-determination thought and the correctness of Lenin self-determination thought, and fully accepted the Lenin’s national theory and policy; third because of the early leaders of the communist party of China never rejected federalism in theory level, think it was not necessarily bad.Influenced by Lenin’s national theory and policy, during1921-1937, in many normative documents, such as declarations, draft resolutions, party platforms and directions, the communist party of China insisted on Lenin’s national self-determination thought, federalism state thought and "free coalition of free nation" thoutht, but the logic contradiction between national self-determination thought and all nation’s free coalition thought was also exposed in practice, national problems program fell in confused situation. Until the sixth plenary session of the communist party of China, the communist party of China had realized that the essence of Lenin’s national problems program is the national equality and nation unity, and based on this in the Anti-Japanese War and liberation War period, gradually to adjust national problems program and policy, firstly made domestic nationalities separated into an independent country, and secondly made federalism state left out of the realization form of the national self-determination, finally established the system of regional national autonomy, consequently got rid of dilemma in practice of communist party of China’national problems program during1921-1937.From the perspective of the marxism-leninism national theory, Only Li Weihan pointed out that, as a basic policy for marxist dealing with national problems, regional national autonomy could ensure "equal coalition for all nation", federalism is not suitable in China. In regard to why federalism does not suitable in China, besides li Weihan’s analysis framework, insufficiency of local self-government traditional in the sense of modern times is also a very important reason. In regard to how assesses on western classical national self-determination theory, because it ususlly leads to national strife, Lenin’s national self-determination theory and the generation of modern nation-state theory all can be regarded as the correction.In the practice level of the national theory and policy, the communist party of China has adopted a series of measures to safeguard the equal rights of minorities in law and in fact, and made great achievements..However, in nationalization issue of self-government organs, the dialectical unification relations between the exercise of autonomy for national autonomous region and the leadership of higher people’s government at the theoretical level, is typically weakened by the reality that excessively emphasis on leadership and do not pay attention to the autonomy, leading to paradox problems of theory and practice. To solve it, can only from the larger field of vision, that is, from the perspective of improving and perfecting the China socialist democracy to look at and consider. Facto inequality between nations also highlighted there, the solution is not to abandon the existing policy of preferential treatment for minorities, but uphold and improve it. Regard as the debate problems about the future direction of national policy, this paper argues that the current China can not abandon the first generation national policy, fully implement the second generation national policy, the integration of two generation national policy might be more suitable for China’s actual situation.