| The human history in the twentieth century is closely associated with the development of socialism. The20th century, the earthshaking and great era, witnessed the vigorous development of world socialism. In this day and age, with the birth of the first socialist country, a series of Eurasian countries established the socialist system. The communist and socialist parties in developed countries are also committed to exploring the different pathways of socialist development, and put forward their own socialism ideas and advocates. Of particular concern is the socialism has produced far-reaching effect on the Asian, African and Latin American areas. The majority of the countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America have chosen the road of socialism after they got the victories in the national liberation movements. Therefore many different kinds of socialist schools have sprung up. Because of its complex content, variety, and with a strong national, religious characteristics and distinctive regional characteristics, our Chinese academic circle calls this school as National Socialism. In the region of Asia, Africa and Latin America, National Socialism is not only a kind of socialism ideological trend, socialism genre, is also a kind of social system and road of development chosen by nationalist countries, and in the20th century, has developed into a powerful political force.National Socialism, which bud in late19th century and early20th century and rose in the Second World War in1940s, along with the victory of national liberation movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America, has been developing so far. With various schools, different expressions and political views, it experienced the initiation, growth, decline as well as the process of rising again, and has experienced great and profound changes. The national socialist states with its own national characteristics, religious, political, social and economic development level of basic national conditions, chose the multiple explorations in the framework of socialist system. In the process of seeking development mode suitable for the national conditions in their practice, they daringly tried new initiatives to promote economic and social development. The national socialist movement in the forward process has encountered various difficulties, and their failure lessons enable these countries to rethink and make adjustments. Some countries gain new developments in the reform. So, what are the successful adjustments and explorations? What are the lessons of failure? What enlightenments and inspirations can we get from them? Therefore, this paper will focus on the study of the causes, effects and contemporary values of National Socialism as well as the inspirations and lessons we can summarize from its development process.Reflecting on and responding to these questions constitutes the basic framework of this research. By means of historical investigation and theoretical analysis, the combination of the methods of integrating theory with practice and comparison, this paper carries on reconsideration to the above-mentioned problems, and summarize the enlightenment and lessons from them. Based on the research achievement of the predecessors and colleagues, the paper put forwards some innovative viewpoints, that is, socialism is an important choice of countries to innovate the road of development in the age of globalization; Reviewing the National Socialism from the perspective of the relationship between religion and socialism, is a new perspective in evaluating this ideological trend. In addition, different from the traditional point of view, the thesis argues that National Socialism which emerged in large numbers brought damage to the reputation of socialism. In nature, different schools of National Socialism are unscientific, although their pursuit of the socialism is right and a lofty ideal of human, the "socialism" cannot be labeled casually.The thesis is divided into seven chapters. It consists three parts:introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly includes the origin and significance of the topic, the basic concepts, the research literature, the research methods and innovations. In the introduction, as the logic starting point, this paper defines the connotation of National Socialism. Based on the existing research literature and the analysis of scholars, the paper gives the definition of the "National Socialism", and distinguishes it from the German National Socialism (i.e. Nazism). The paper states clearly the distinction between them, and the latter is not within the scope of this study.The text consists five chapters. Around the theme of this paper--National Socialism in the20th century--the text writing launches from the following four parts:The first part is the first chapter, and mainly combs the history of development of National Socialism in the20th century. It firstly explores the origin of National Socialism, and then reviews and summarizes the trends of thought’s early spread in Asia, Africa and Latin America. This chapter mainly focuses on the longitudinal study of the development of the National Socialism after the Second World War, which is roughly divided into four historical stages.The second part includes the second chapter and the third chapter. Firstly, using the geographical division as the standard, Chapter2conducts study on the main schools of National Socialism which prevailed on three continents in the20th century. On this basis, basic features of the theory and practice of National Socialism were explored and summed up in Chapter3.In the third part of the thesis--the fourth chapter, the evaluation and reflection of National Socialism is made from three angles:firstly, to analyse and evaluate the historical significance and positive influence on the emergence and development of National Socialism. Secondly, from the practical value dimensions to interpret progressive significance and negative influence of National Socialism. Finally, analyse the causes of the rise and fall of National Socialism, and come to the conclusion that the rise and fall of National Socialism is inevitable. Then the paper discusses the thinking and enlightenment of National Socialism movement from different aspects. Generally speaking, due to the restriction of discipline background and research topic, the analysis of the influence and inspiration mainly focus on political and economic level.The fourth part can be divided into three aspects. The first aspect is the prediction of the new situation and prospects of development of National Socialism in the21st century. The National Socialism swept most developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America in the20th century; its influence will continue to extend to the new century. At the beginning of twenty-first century, the Latin American left-wing forces as a new force suddenly rises."The twenty-first century socialism", as a new socialist movement, indicates the National Socialism rises again, which also means that National Socialism has entered a new stage of development. The fifth chapter makes comments on the significance in this new development. The second is prospects for the world socialist outlook. The development and influence of socialism keeps changing in the whole world, it is particularly important and necessary to analyse the possible situation, which is the logic extension of the paper. Thirdly, the world significance of socialism with Chinese characteristics is briefly discussed.In the conclusion part, the main points of the thesis are summarized and reviewed, and the paper also responds to the following problems:such as how to interpret the developmental changes of National Socialism in the twentieth century; what its obvious characteristics are; its impacts on the world political pattern and the world socialist movement; what lessons we can draw from it to use for reference on the socialist construction of our country with Chinese characteristic; and what the future development trend of National Socialism is. |
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