A Study On Self-Governance Of Rural Villagers

Since the modern times, as the concept of civil right imported and popularized, democracy developed and perfected, and the political system adjusted and mobilized, Self-governance in rural society has gone though two major revolutions. The first one happened between the late Qing Dynasty and the period of the Republic of China (1911-1949). The second on happened in the period of reform and open after1978.Self-governance in rural society was first moved in the late Qing Dynasty when constitutional reform was introduced, and began part of the political system during the period of the Republic of China. However, after more than thirty years practice, due to the complicated political environment, the rural self-governance system was not firmly established then. Current rural self-governance system was invented by Chinese farmers after1978. It is a system initiated by the grassroots and recognized by the ruling Party. There has been over30years since current rural self-governance system was embodied in PRC’s Constitution. As rural villagers’ consciousness of democracy and civil rights grow, and the central governments recognize the system by law and provide money support, current rural self-governance system was firmly established in China and began an important part of China’s socialist democratic political system. The development of rural self-governance has encountered a lot of controversies and difficulties. Some people challenge the propriety of the system and the rural self-governance is not well performed in some areas. Now, as no direction has been given, long-term problems have not been resolved, energy of political mobilization diminishes and no rule of law is established, the practice of rural self-governance faces a lot of problems. The article, by comparing the practice or rural self-governance in two different periods, and analyzing how the notion of self-governance and evolution in China impacts the choice of rural self-governance mobilization, and summarizing and analyzing reasons behind the difference of practices in two period, and considering the problems faced now, suggests that we need to move form the political mobilization to legal mobilization, and emphasize the importance of rule of law, and offers a different and helpful perspective to see the problems faced now.This article employs mobilization model to observe the rural self-governance, mainly focusing on the development of rural self-governance, the relationship between the state and the rural society, how the rural self-governance can run on a democratic trail and can be under the doctrine of rule of law to avoid falling down as a subordinate object of the powerful administration. Mobilization model is the main and apparent methodology of comparison between two periods. And mobilization model becomes a underneath methodology when the observation turns to the relationship between rural self-governance and the state power, and the relationship between rural self-governance and the ruling party.There are six chapters of this article, including the Introduction, the Origin and Development of Rural Self-governance, the Two Periods of Rural Self-governance (part1), the Two Periods of Rural Self-governance (part2), the Relationship between Rural Self-governance and State Power, and Conclusion.In Introduction, I explain why I choose this subject, and how the research has been done, and the meaning of the research. I also elaborate how far the academic study has gone and the major issues requiring further study and the basic methodology of my research.In Chapter one "the Origin and Development of Rural Self-governance", I analyze the origin of self-governance and the development of the concept. Based on it, I try to search for the path that the concept of self-governance of the Western was introduceded into China and analyze the "self-governance" in Chinese traditional society and its change.Then I want to analyze the origin and different patterns of rural self-governance in our country. At the end of the Chapter one, I elaborate the choice of mobilization models in the development of rural self-governance.Chapter two and three are about two periods of rural self-governance. From the relationship of mobilization and self-governance perspective, I compare the two periods of self-governance. I state the social and political backgrounds of the development of the rural self-governance in these two periods, and how the system of rural self-governance evolved, and the characters of the rural self-governance practice. The comparison tells us how these two separate periods are related and the basic pattern and experience of rural self-governance in China.Chapter four is about the relationship between rural self-governance and state power. Apart from the comparison of the two periods, I also elaborate how state power has influenced the rural self-governance and what exact influence it has been, and how the rural society responses to this influence. Furthermore, the role and function of ruling political parties, especially the relationship between the organ of rural self-governance and the basic party branch, is observed.In Conclusion, I summarize the essential observation of this article, including a brief summary of the experience of the rural self-governance and current problems faced, suggesting solutions to fix these problems, and anticipating the future of rural self-governance under the doctrine of rule of law...