Redistribution Of Educational Opportunities In The Layout Adjustment Policy Changes Of Rural Compulsory Education Schools

Abstract:As an important authoritative means of distribution and redistribution of ecudational opportunities, the education policy decision and implementation are dominated by some kind of value orientation. The policy implementation results leading by efficiency and fairness will affect the acquisition of ecudational opportunities for policy target groups.As a pattern of redistribution policy on ecudational opportunities, since the layout adjustment of rural compulsory education schools has been implemented for more than ten years. The ecudational opportunities of rural students especially primary school students are changed, and the famillies of rural primary school students are greatly affectd. This paper will analyze the pursuit of value and policy result of layout adjustment policy standing in the position of disadvantaged groups and from the perspective of theory of justice, and discuss the performance of justice function of the state in the redistribution of ecudational opportunities.The paper have three parts consisting of seven chapters:The first part:from the justice and fairness theory view, including the first, second and third charpters. The first chapter mainly describes the concepts and principles. Firstly the basic connotation of opportunity and ecudational opportunity are defined, the meaning of distribution and redistribution are differentiated. A topic on the base line of distribution and redistribution of minimizing the interest damage to disadvantaged groups is put forward.The second chapter describes three dimensions from environment factor, persuit of value and interest perspective. Economy, population, system and social change are external environment factors to affect the education policy. The value pursuit of efficiency and fairness are internal factors, and the interest of the target group is the ultimate factor in view of education policy.The third chapter discribes the relationship between the school laoyout and educaional opportunity from the effect on educational opportunity by school size and the distance. The size of schools will affect the achievement and development of students. Home-school distance will affect the rate of student enrollment, learning process and learning achievement.The second part:the realistic portrayal, consisting of the fourth, fifth and sixth chapter. The fourth chapter discusses the evolution of value orientation of the layout adjustment policy based on the central and local policy text, and inspects the policy value orientation from the policy practice.The fifth chapter mainly describes the current policy target groups after the implementation of the layout adjustment policy. Through the questionnaire, interview and on-the-spot investigation, this paper takes a county as the main sample area, rural primary school, primary school teachers in rural areas, rural pupils and their parents as the main investigation object to understand their living situation deeply. As the main supplying body of the rural elementary educational opportunities, their survival situation would affect the rural pupils’acquisition of the rural elementary educational opportunities directly.In the sixth chapter, through the analysis of the investigation data, this paper svrveys the current situation of the educational opportunity of the rural primary school students from the perspective of the redistribution of educational opportunities. It researches the layout adjustment policy’s effect on the primary school students’educational opportunities acquisition. It analyses from the following four aspects:accept the opportunity to study in the nearby school, access the high quality educational opportunity, school educational opportunity and the family eductional opportunity.The third part:theory analysis and its corresponding explaination, comprised of the seventh and eighth chapter. In the seventh chapter, the paper uses the justice theory to view from the opposite perspective and comes to the conclustion finally. The implementation of the layout adjustment policy on the rural compulsory education schools greatly improving the rural school conditions, but it also brought many negative effects. As an important means of the redistribution of the educational opportunities and rights, because the value paradox of the policy itself and its external behavior, it causes some rural students suffer great loss on their acquisition of entering the nearby school, and the distribution of the high quality education resources is more uneven. Under this situation, their parents take the policy changes in price, in the mean while, it also resulted in the waste of educational resources. In the boarding primary school, it commonly exists the infant borading facts. This would make the children partition from their family and could not obtain enough social development. The policy makes the social re-stratification and a part of the disadvantaged children become new marginalized groups.In the ejghth chapter, mainly discusses that the educational policy, as a means of redistribution of educational opportunities, should stand by the side of the disadvantaged groups. It should take the principle of the priority to convenience of educational opportunities available to the stage of compulsory education of children. It would be the country’s should-be functions to supply the school-age children to obtain the opportunities to enter the nearby school and get the high quality educational opportunities, and also the should-be pratice to build a perfect policy error correction mechanism and supervision system to make sure the children acquire the fair educational opportunities.