From Practice To Interest

Person has been starting and ending points for research in Marx’s Modernmaterialist. Not only Merlin and Kautsky’s historical materialism, but alsoPlekhanov’s dialectical materialism, interpretation of Marxism from the objectaspects, ignoring the person as a subject, ignoring the philosophical revolution thatMarx brought from the subject aspects. In order to overcome this deficiency, the laterMarxists interpreted Marxist philosophy mainly from the subject aspects. Now mostof our scholars believe that modern materialism of Marx is historical materialism.And the development of Marx’s subject idea also proved this conclusion to us.Person is regarded as the subject in the vision of historical materialism, and alsois the research object of historical materialism. But look from the history ofphilosophy, the unity of person and object began from the epistemologicalproposition "I think therefore I am", and thus there was a division of subject andobject. In the background of the bourgeois revolution, German classical philosophyadvocated subject and freedom. The unity of subject and freedom reflected theresearch of the unity of subject and object. In Feuerbach and Hegel, this issuebecame Intuition and speculative dialectics—two principles of philosophyexplanation both of witch were opposite. Attention to social reality, touching onissues of interest, Marx eventually gave up the main ideas of self-conscious，gaveup the historical idealism. By criticizing and inheriting the previous ideas, and on thebasis of the practice, Marx drew the conclusion that the nature of man is socialrelations. Marx did not stop here, did not stop at the philosophy principles of practice,the research of the nature of the subject need to go deep into the social relationships.In "The Poverty of Philosophy", Marx regarded production relations as the core ofthe social relations further, and thus established the historical materialism.From the theoretical level, historical materialism revealed the general law ofdevelopment of human society; from the founding of theory, the historicalmaterialism was inseparable from this unique historical background of capitalistsociety."Human anatomy is the key for Monkey anatomy", historical materialismhad the general guidance because of the investigation about the comprehensive social relations of capitalist society. But the capitalist society was not the ideal stateof human society, research inevitability of development from capitalism tocommunism, also needed to reveal the peculiar contradictions of capitalism itself,researched capitalist production, studied on capital was inevitable.The opposition caused by capitalist production between the bourgeoisie and theproletariat, fundamentally was interest relationship opposition. The law about socialsystems’ produce, development and demise, Marx pointed out,"No matter whichform of society, before all of its productive forces play out, will never perish; whilethe new, higher relations of production, before its presence of substances matured inthe womb of the old society, will never appear." Regardless of whether a society is aclass society, or an exploitative society, before all of its productive forces play out,the productive forces and production relations are also in a relatively stable state, hasnot yet reached the critical point of transform of production relations. In other words,the relationship of interests between people has not yet reached a state of extremeopposites. The key of stable development of society is the unity of interestrelationships between people. Marx’s interest theory tells us that resolve our conflictsof interest relationships between classes, improve the system from the start.