The Innovation Mechanism Of University Industry Collaboration Based On The Evolution Of Technological Capabilities

Contributionof University-Industry Collaboration for enterprise technology innovationhas beenconfirmedbya large number ofsuccessful experiencesinEurope and the United States.Through sharing of corporate R&D costs, decentralizing innovation risk, promoting resourcesharing and capacity complementary between business partners, University-IndustryCollaboration has great significance for enhancing the Capacity for independent innovationand enterprise competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. But in the real-life situations of currentgenerally weak technological capabilities of Chinese enterprises, the majority motivation ofenterprises Collaborating with universities and research institutes tend to get more maturetechnology, which is to introduce alternatives innovation rather than benefit throughinnovation. Lack of lasting protection mechanisms and learning mechanism, the role ofuniversity-industry collaboration to enhance the technological capabilities of enterprises isvery limited. How to play a greater role of the university-industry collaboration to enterprisetechnology innovation, and enhance the technological capabilities of enterprises on the basisof the extended enterprise innovation resources, are the key issues need to first solve in thecooperative. The Paper uses case study combined with empirical research methods, based onthe innovation capability evolution perspective, combined with the practice of GuangdongProvince “Three Ministries-two Academies-one Province” cooperative framework, the studyinvestigated the complexity of the relationship between the Cooperative Mode selection andthe internal research and development of enterprises, and revealed the action mechanism ofuniversity-industry collaboration to enterprise technology innovation. The main Conclusionsand Creative Point s of this Paper are the following aspects.(1) Matching relations research of Enterprise Technological Capability Evolution andCooperative Mode Selection. This paper first analyzed the factors that affected innovationmode selection, including the cooperative technical attributes (technology life cycle, degree ofcomplexity and stealth extent etc.), firm characteristics (R&D investment, technical reserves,Cooperative experience and firm size etc.), as well as environmental characteristics (thedegree of competition in the industry, technology protection system, government supportpolicies etc.), and built the Probit model empirical test. The results showed that significantsexual differences had been found between the enterprises which selected university-industrycollaboration and the enterprises which not selected in the aspects of technological innovation,absorption capacity and the number of co-organizer, which meant that technologicalinnovation capability of enterprises is the key factor which affected innovation mode selection of enterprises. Secondly, using the model of osculating value method, the study analyzed thematching relationship between the different technical capabilities evolution stage andcooperative mode selection. For the enterprises in the stage of technology acquisition capacity,the best matching cooperative modes are technology transfer and commissioned development;For the enterprise in the stage of technology absorptive capacity, the best matchingcooperative modes are cooperative development and building entities, commissioneddevelopment followed; For the enterprises in the stage of technological innovation capabilityof enterprises, the best matching cooperative mode are cooperative development and buildingentities.(2) Under different technical capabilities evolutionary stages, the interactive relationshiptest of university-industry collaboration and the enterprise Internal R&D. The core ofenterprise technology capabilities is the research and development capabilities, so the natureof relationship between cooperation innovation and technological capability, is the interactiverelationship between the Cooperative and internal R&D. In this paper, through a typical casestudy and empirical test of Carpoly Group the interaction relationship between Cooperativeand internal R&D can be embodied as three stages: alternative, complementary and thenalternative. In the weakness stage of the technological capabilities of enterprises, theinteraction between cooperation research and internal R&D performance as alternativerelationship, enterprises mainly rely on technology introduction or internal R&D. The mainreason was: because the enterprises lack the pre-technology accumulation, the technical andknowledge gap between enterprises and university was large, and the companies didn’t haveenough ability to learn and absorptive capacity for research cooperation. Inthe formativestages of the enterprises technological capabilities, the interaction between researchcooperation and internal R&D performance as complementary relationship.In this case, theenterprise multiple bound by the technical capabilities and innovative resources, Cooperativedemands were more strong; the technical level and knowledge gap between enterprise andUniversity or Scientific Research institutes were gradually narrow, and have their ownstrengths: enterprises keen market sense of smell and industrial capacity, and University orScientific Research centers have strong basic research capability and a large number ofresearch and development equipment and personnel, which were easier to form acomplementary and mutually beneficial relationship. In the technological capability maturitystage, university-industry collaboration focused on long-term, fundamental, cutting-edgetechnology. Enterprises play business expertise in the innovation activities, develop newproducts based on these technologies, the interactive relationship between cooperation and internal R&D performance as an alternative relationship, the companies take thecombination of the cooperation innovation and independent innovation to build the capabilityof independent innovation according to their actual situation.(3) Threshold effects of corporate R&D investment density in interaction ofCooperative and internal R&D. In this paper, by constructing a threshold model of empiricaltest: in the low investment density of R&D, internal R&D and cooperation reflects thealternative relationship, internal R&D and research cooperation in the density of high R&Dinvestment reflects the complementary resistance. Secondly, different R&D investmentdensity affected at different industry R&D mode choice changed in different characteristicsof industry. With the increase of R&D investment, relation between cooperation research andinternal research in Technology-intensive enterprises in turn presented the alternative,complementary, alternative relationships. In capital-intensive industry with increasingenterprise R&D investment relation between cooperation research and internal researchpresented complementary. In labor-intensive industries, corporate R&D investment Densitywas small, cooperation research and internal R&D presents the substitution effect.(4) Cooperation research affecting on technological capabilities of enterprises is reflectedin the following four areas: corporate R&D investment, enterprise innovation process,enterprise technology innovation performance, and enterprise technical innovation andeconomic efficiency. Through the use of propensity score matching method (PSM), anempirical test of the effects of Cooperative enterprise technology capabilities was conducted.The empirical results show that the university-industry collaboration has a positive effect oncorporate R&D expenses, new product sales revenue and profit margins improved; ratherhave a negative effect on every hundred granted patent number and the export rate of foreignexchange. The role of university-industry collaboration on technological capabilities ofenterprises was not play completely.