The Study On The Behavior And Incentive Machanism For The Adoption Of JUNCAO Technology

In the1980s, countries in the world used broad-leaved trees as main raw material to cultivate mushrooms, fungus and other edible fungus. However, the broad-leaved trees are scare of resources, with a long cultivating cycle and difficulty in artificial cultivation. With the rapid development of mushroom industry, especially the rapid development of enterprises of edible fungi factory,"fungus and forest contradiction" becomes increasingly prominent. The resources are destructing, the ecological environment is deteriorating, and the mushroom industry is also facing the threat of shortage of raw materials. In this context, Fujian Province promotes the JUNCAO technology, which has considerable practical significance. The article is from the perspective of adopters (the farmers and factory), to analyze their adoption of JUNCAO technology, and explore the affecting factors. The purpose of this research is to induce the behavior of farmers and factory enterprises and promote their adoption of JUNCAO technology. It is aimed to alternate wood with grass, save timber resources, solve the "fungus and forest contradiction", protect the ecological environment, and promote the sustainable development of the mushroom industry.In this paper, the research is based on government incentives of JUNCAO technology adoption behavior, from the perspective of adoptors. We use methods such as combination of normative and empirical research, field interviews and questionnaires, the typical case studies and econometric models. The idea of this paper is as follows. It first reviews some previous researches, and defines the related concept of JUNCAO, describes the background and the theoretical analysis, then it makes the empirical research, and finally summarizes and makes policy recommendations. The study includes the following five parts. The first part discusses the background of Fujian JUNCAO technology development, and summarizes the practical adoption of JUNCAO technology. The second part studies Fujian JUNCAO technology diffusion mechanisms, from the perspectives of agricultural technology diffusion system, government’s macro objectives and micro-motives of the producers respectively. The third part explores JUNCAO technology of one of the micro-producers (farmers) and the affecting factors. The fourth part discusses JUNCAO technology of the other the micro-producers (factory enterprises) and the affecting factors. The fifth part explains government incentives and its mechanism of action. It explores the theoretical basis and the efficiency of government policies, and proposes optimization method of the government incentives.The study comes to some conclusion. First, with the rapid development of the mushroom industry, edible fungus originally use forestry waste as raw materials, but later edible fungus get materials through a lot of felling of broad-leaved forest, which leads to increasing seriousness of "fungus and forest contradiction". Therefore, it is urgent to promote JUNCAO technology. Second, there are differences between the macro orientation of government agricultural technology diffusion and producer behaviors. Government focuses on social and ecological benefits, producers pursue their own revenue maximization. Only when producers can get higher income, JUNCAO technology can be adopted. Third, the farmers’ adoption behavior of JUNCAO technology is negatively correlated with the variables such as "part time" and "difficulty", and it is positively correlated with variables such as "government subsidies","technical guidance or on-site show","timber control","planting years"," mushroom professional cooperatives" and other variables. Fourth, because of the characteristics of the production and management and a strong information processing and technical testing innovation capability, the mushroom factory enterprise has certain advantages in JUNCAO technology adoption. Exchange of information between peers, competitive pressures also affects the adoption. Fifth, the results of JUNCAO technical adoption have strong positive externalities. But when adopters initially adopt JUNCAO technology, the cost and the risk will increase, so adopters will not consciously adopt JUNCAO technology from their own interest when the role of market mechanisms operates alone. JUNCAO technology is difficult to spread spontaneously. As a result, in the early stage of technological applications, we should rely on government promotion and financial incentives, as well as the guide and demonstration from government promotion department, and induce farmers and enterprises to adopt JUNCAO technology.This research has major policy significance. First, we should continue to implement fiscal incentives of JUNCAO technology, in particular, to increase subsidies and expand the scope of the target beneficiaries. The subsidy path should be optimized and the grassing and adopting grass should be encouraged at the same time. The typical reward should be implemented, so it can play the role of the demonstration effect. Second, we should increase the incentive of training services, and reduce the risk of farmers and businesses JUNCAO technology adoption. Third, we should support JUNCAO professional cooperatives, and achieve the industrialization large-scale of meal supply. Fourth, we should encourage fungi package manufacturers to adopt JUNCAO technology, and achieve advantages complementary between the enterprises and farmers. Fifth, we should strengthen the constraint mechanism and guide farmers and enterprises to establish a good ecological environment protection concept.