| Organic agriculture is an alternative form of conventional agriculture, and it is a kind of sustainable development. Conventional agriculture gets the rapid development in recent decades in the world, provides a number of rich agricultural products at the same time, also brought a certain potential hazards to human survival. On the one hand, the food safety problem is more and more, such as "instant chicken" events, drunkard wine "plasticizer","salmonella" in the United States, Belgium "dioxins", and so on. On the other hand, conventional agriculture has much problems, such as use of fertilizer and pesticide residues in agricultural products, potential hazards to the health of human beings, soil organic matter content decreased, soil knot board, the overall productivity degradation, pesticides and fertilizers into the water will cause in the eutrophication, release in the air will increase the greenhouse effect of the air, poisons creatures of nature, reducing biodiversity. Conventional agriculture more and more negative effects on human and ecological environment caused by human’s attention. In recent years, as to solve the problem of food and clothing of people, increasing income, consumption level rise ceaselessly, people begin to pay close attention to food safety problems and actively searching for an alternative to conventional farming way of sustainable development of agricultural production. Organic agriculture is a kind of agricultural sustainable development.Speeds up the agricultural product safety supervision system and the examination system, develop the pollution-free agricultural products, green food and organic gricultural products, all above is mentioned in Central file No.12010.This laid the foundation for the development of organic agriculture. Organic farming can provide human with safe agricultural products, improve human health, repair and protect the deteriorated ecological environment, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, reduce agricultural consumption of non-renewable resources. Organic agriculture is labor-intensive agriculture, it can improve the local employment rate. The organic agricultural products on the market price is higher than that of conventional agricultural products, high organic agricultural yields can increase the income of agricultural producers. The dominant and recessive functions of organic agriculture are accepted by human. At present, the development of organic agriculture in the world has entered a steady development period, all countries in the world to follow the natural rules and ecology principle on the basis of the origin, and pay close attention to production process of organic agricultural products, processing, storage and transportation, etc. All countries have made related regulations and formulate the relevant standards, set up organic certification bodies.China started to develop organic agriculture in the1980s, the main purpose of the development initial period is in order to earn foreign exchange through exports, domestic sales almost no organic agricultural products market. But in recent years, China’s food safety incidents are not group, people pay more and more attention to the safety of food. China’s share of the market sales began to increase, China’s organic agricultural production scale expands unceasingly. In order to ensure organic agricultural products from field to table process of the country’s security, organic agriculture industrialization is necessary. In China, organic agriculture industrialization pattern mainly contains three kinds:leading by organic agriculture company, leading by professional cooperatives organic agricultural,and leading by organic farm. Produced by different organic agricultural industrialization mode, ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits in the importance of the total benefits coefficient is different also. Chinese cities at all levels should be based on the region’s economic and social development level, ecological environment characteristics choose to suit the optimal model of organic agriculture industrialization in this region, so as to effectively promote the industrialization of organic farming and its rapid development.In addition to the introduction, the research mainly from the following several aspects to study.First, combining the theory of sustainable development, ecological economics theory, the circular economy theory analysis principle of the development of organic agriculture and organic agriculture and the relationship between basic theory; The basis of analyzing the organic agriculture industrialization theory, the system innovation theory, transaction cost theory, division of labor cooperation theory, scale economy theory bidding spree discusses the relationship between organic agriculture industrialization and the basic theory, which provides the theoretical foundation for the research of this paper. Summarized domestic and foreign research literature about organic agriculture and organic agriculture industrialization, and the literature review, provide basic data for this study. Based on organic agriculture and organic agriculture industrialization theory and on the basis of literature review, expounds the development of organic agriculture and organic agriculture industrialization as well as the potential benefits of recessive benefit, demonstrates the necessity of this research topic.Second, the development of organic agriculture and its industrialization is of great significance, countries around the world have already realize this. About at the beginning of the20th century, the organic farming began to sprout off. The organic agriculture development can be divided into several stages, as embryonic, expansion, rapid development, and stable stage of development. In the process of development, different states and countries organic farming area of unbalanced development and the characteristic of agricultural acreage is out of step with the number of producers, and consumer market mainly concentrated in Europe and North America, the exporter mainly concentrated in Asia and Latin America. But with the further development of organic agriculture, and gradually increase the international organic agriculture organization, and countries in order to reduce the organic agricultural products trade barriers, began to implement organic produce equivalent mutual recognition of standards. The organic agricultural products supply and demand is growing, organic agricultural products consumption growth in the developing world will be more than the developed countries. Organic agriculture began in the1980s, China has experienced the embryonic stage, early stage, stage of development. China organic agriculture, unbalanced development in all parts of the country, mainly concentrated in the three northeastern provinces, Inner Mongolia and ShanDong, and organic agricultural products in China, less structure is single. China’s first production of organic agricultural products mainly for export, in2003, began to expand in the domestic market. At present, the domestic market sales more than exports. Consumer groups are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and other cities. Of the main problems in the development of organic agriculture in China contains:"bad faith", production is relatively remote, dispersion, insufficient support from the government. But in the future, China’s organic agricultural products will gradually expand the scale of production, the market system will continue to improve, varieties will be diversified.Third, the core of this research is the organic agriculture and its industrialization. Having studied the organic agriculture development of world and China, respectively, research at home and abroad mainly organic agricultural industrialization model. Foreign main organic agricultural industrialization mode, such as organization for economic cooperation pattern, the organic farm model, organic agricultural company model. Domestic organic agriculture industrialization patterns, such as, leading by organic agriculture company, leading by professional cooperatives organic agricultural,and leading by organic farm. And the three typical modes in domestic business purpose, scope of business, mode of advantages and disadvantages were compared.Fourth, this article through the questionnaire survey to obtain the relevant data of Beijing organic agriculture and the industrialization, the understanding of different management pattern of ecological benefit, economic benefit, social benefit what are the different effects of different indexes. Then ask experts assign a value for organic agricultural company model, organic agricultural professional cooperatives, organic farm in organic agriculture industrialization produced in the process of ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits. Combination of expert assessment and questionnaire data, use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis of organic agriculture industrialization main mode of ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits in the proportion of comprehensive benefits, different patterns of all kinds of benefits and the importance coefficient of each benefit contains the influence degree of different indicators.Fifth, combined with the empirical analysis result, proposed our country in some thoughts on accelerating the development of organic agriculture and the industrialization, the different scale cities according to the characteristics of regional economic, social and ecological development suitable organic agricultural industrialization mode, according to different scale cities how to promote this region optimal organic agriculture industrialization development mode put forward policy suggestions.This article main innovation includes:(1)In this article, through the empirical study found that organic agriculture industrialization of ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits of the three benefits, ecological benefits in the proportion of comprehensive benefit is the largest, followed by economic benefit, social benefit proportion is minimal. In the indicators of ecological benefits, organic agricultural production mode to improve the positive effects of soil organic matter content, and maintain biological diversity is significant; In economic efficiency indicators, per capita net income of agriculture effect is very significant; In the indicators of social benefit, reduce unit investment poisonous substance content effect is very significant.(2)Found in this study are:in the organic agricultural industrialization patterns, leading by organic agriculture company produce economic benefit is the most significant, organic agricultural professional cooperatives of the most significant social benefits, and organic agricultural professional cooperatives to organic agriculture industrialization of ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits of balance, the organic farms produce the ecological benefits of the most significant.(3)Respectively in combination with consumption, social and ecological characteristics of extra large and giant cities, large cities, small and medium-sized cities, found that extra large and giant cities the development of organic agriculture industrialization of optimal model is organic farms, large cities the optimal model is organic agricultural professional cooperatives, small and medium-sized cities of optimal model is organic agricultural company model.(4)The author believes that the scale type of different cities, the development of organic agriculture policies should vary. Extra large and huge city main policy should be to promote the development of organic farming, such as registration system established organic farm policy, improve the land circulation mechanism, provide a certain amount of comprehensive quality training for organic farmers, increase the organic farming policy tilt. In big cities, to promote organic agricultural professional cooperatives shall be one of the main policy,and include vigorously promote cooperation ideas, raising farmers’ understanding of the cooperative. Increase support to cooperatives, improve the external rules and regulations, create good development environment for cooperatives. Provide free technology training for the leader of cooperatives, to improve the overall competitiveness of cooperatives. Cooperatives in planning of relevant rules and regulations, improve the operational efficiency of the cooperatives. Small and medium-sized cities to promote the development of organic agriculture company policy should be:actively introduce organic agriculture company with strength, strengthen rural infrastructure construction, expanding the financing channels, supervision company and peasant household the execution rate of organic agriculture.Due to the limitation of academic background and literature data collection is limited, the main shortcomings of this study are:The paper data on organic agriculture and organic agriculture industrialization in Beijing is obtained by the questionnaire survey, organic agriculture industrialization in Beijing the benefit of the study data is by the expert scoring and, therefore, the data is not comprehensive enough. Abroad to the development of organic agriculture were also involved, development present situation, the relevant typical organic agricultural industrialization management pattern of foreign literature is not enough, difficult to in-depth study related issues. |
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