| Since1990s of last century, some protection regulations of new plant varieties and laws of seeds have been issued one by one in China for joining WTO and realizing the promise towards international treaty duty. China begins to open the prelude of market-oriented reform of the seeds, when China has joined in the International Convention on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and has established a full scale protection system of new plant varieties. There are many issues worth to discuss, such as how about result of the change of the compulsory systems of the New Varieties of Plants; the systematic obstacles of the seeds science and technology innovation; the China’s adaptability towards global process of the New Variety Plant protection system between the protection system dominated by the developed countries; the realization of policy targets of motivating breeding innovation to increase breeding innovation ability, the deep reasons affecting China’s innovation and development of seed science and technology under new international environments. What is more, it is theoretical and practical significance in further improving the breeding system, optimizing breeding resources and increasing breeding innovative efficiency, when this dissertation takes scientific evaluation on China’s efficiency of crop breeding and draw lessons from other countries’successful experience resulted by the public policy implementation of the variety right, summarizing the achievements and deficiencies as well.The dissertation analyzes relative theoretical literature reviews from China and other countries. Firstly, it takes comprehensive study methods including documenting, comparative, qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze our countries’innovative history of the crop breeding; secondly, it discusses the environment change our countries’ seeds face; thirdly, on the basis of collected date documents, it establishes index system of efficiency evaluation on the crop breeding innovation and takes empirical study on the issue of the agricultural breeding efficiency by mathematical economic and applied statistics tools of data envelopment analysis(DEA)’Malmquist; lastly,The dissertation has main contents and conclusions as following:1. Since the1990s of last century when China has become one member of the WTO, it has established the protection system of the New Varieties of Plants to fulfill international obligations, of which it is generally featured with compulsory system flux. The compulsory system flux constantly deepens China’s seed market reform. However, it results in many problems of failing to straighten mechanism of breeding innovation system and to specify breeding functions between foundation and business, weak breeding innovation as well, although there are some achievements. On one hand, there are no enough attentions and stresses on the social public welfare and public goods characteristics of foundation breeding. Thus, it results in deficiency on foundation research, reduces the level of breeding innovation and weaken delayed effects of breeding innovation sustainable development; on the other hands, because there is no constructing business breeding system in which the corporations dominant, the corporation’s enthusiasm is suppressed.2. This dissertation analyzes the domestic and foreign environments and its change the crop breeding innovation faces in China. At home, the seed market reform gets further improvement, becoming a national strategy; In the post-TRIPS time, the global process of the protection system of the new plant varieties the western countries dominant constantly raises international protection level of the new varieties of plant in the world. Due to different interest appeals among developing and developed countries, they take different policy measurements to control and against control. As a result, the issue of the international legislation on the Plant Variety Right becomes complex.3. The dissertation states the efficiency of China’s crop breeding innovation. From the year of2008to2012, the innovative efficiency of crop breeding is growing with annual average growth of1.9%in China. However, our countries’ innovative efficiency of crop breeding is featured with obvious fluctuating characters in different periods. From the point of Malmquist index of crop breeding innovating efficiency, it can find that the innovating efficiency growth of the crop breeding is resulted from its technology improvement rather than its technology efficiency. From the year of2008to2012, the annual average growth of our countries’crop breeding is7.1%. Compared with that, the technology efficiency of crop breeding is-4.7%. From the points of innovating efficiency of crop breeding in different districts in China, the growth rates of breeding innovation are significantly diversified, although they are totally growing among three main districts of the East, Middle and West.The possible innovating points:(1) the innovation of research view. Taking the breeding innovating efficiency as research view, the dissertation summarizes the achievement and shortcoming for providing reference to improve the protection system, when it discusses the general running of our countries ’protection system of new plant varieties;(2) the innovation of research content. In order to provide reference to breeding innovation, the dissertation explores new trend of protection system development of new international plant variety in the post-TRIPS time and analyzes the successful practices with some typical countries by the stand of big developing agricultural country;(3) the innovation of research method. Using R&D model of efficiency evaluation—DEA method, the dissertation takes empirical analysis on the innovating input and output efficiency of China’s crop breeding with DEAP2.1of efficiency evaluation software. |
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