| Just as the American economist Joseph Stiglitz regards China’s urbanization and American technological revolution as two trends influencing the world, at the beginning of the21st century, China makes great progress in the urbanization. The urbanization rate has risen from36.2%in2000to52.57%in2012, and the achievements have drawn the attention of the world. With the combined action of urban "gravity" and rural "thrust", China’s urbanization will last a long time. In the process, the urban sustainable attraction has become the essential factor promoting China’s urbanization.For a long time, with land urbanization as the main form and guided by the GDP, the urban construction constantly expands the city territory (new districts, development zones, etc.), and at the same time results in a relative shortage of public service in the new districts of the city and population mobility. The unconventional development of some mega-cities and metropolis leads to serious environmental pollution and traffic jam, while some other cities frequently emerge such phenomena as "ghost city","sleeping city" and "empty city". Meanwhile, the old urban districts in some cities are going downhill. City problems exist not only in the new districts, but also in the old districts.Adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the18th Central Committee of the CPC, the "Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform" emphasizes on sticking to the path of a new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics, and proposes to push forward people-oriented urbanization and promote the integrated development of industries and cities."The integrated development of industries and cities" and "the people-oriented urbanization" interact as both cause and effect and promote mutually, which are the basic requirements to achieve the sustainable development of the city. The integrated development of the industries and cities is not only a basic approach to the urban economic development, but also an inevitable process where "town","industry" and "people" develop on each other, which lays the foundation for the coordinated development of small towns and cities, as well as medium-sized and large cities. Any urbanization conception divorced from industry and human development is impractical.With respect to "the separation of industries and cities", the integrated development of industries and cities is a new development idea put forward under the background of transformation and upgrade of the industrial structure and consumption structure. The integrated development of industries and cities claims the integration of industry and urban function, the spatial integration and value integration, achieving the goals of promoting the city with industry, driving the industry with city, integrating the industry, city and people with each other. The essence of the integrated development of industries and cities is a regression from functionalistic orientation to humanistic orientation. In order to better reflect the integrated development of industries and cities in China, the author adopts the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the integrated development of industries and cities in287prefecture-level cities (excluding Lhasa).On the base of previous studies, according to38specific indicators (the data is selected from every municipal district of the prefecture-level cities to reflect the characteristics of urban areas), the assessment indicator system specifically evaluate the integrated development of industries and cities in287cities from four aspects, namely, the development level of industry, the urban construction and service level, the human development, and the interaction of industry, city and human being. The results indicate that the average degree of the integration of industries and cities in the prefecture-level cities is0.43113, which shows that the overall level of urbanization development in the prefecture-level cities is still low, according with the fact that some scholars consider China’s urbanization is artificially inflated. In general, the integrated development of industries and cities in the prefecture-level cities presents prominent regionalism and scale characteristics. The regionalism mainly manifests that the integration degree of industries and cities in the eastern areas is much higher than that in the northeast, middle part and western areas, namely, the average degrees of integrated development of industries and cities in the eastern, middle part, western and northeast areas are0.47496,0.43573,0.40632and0.43417, which basically coincides with the economic and social development of each area, that is, the areas with higher economic and social development level possess higher integration degree of industries and cities, while the backward areas with low economic and social development level have lower integration degree of industries and cities. In the eastern areas, the average performance in four aspects (the development level of industry, the urban construction and service level, the human development, and the interaction of industry, city and human being) is better than that in the middle part, western and northeast areas. Different cities have different integration degree of industries and cities, and there are also some cities in the middle part and western areas possess high integrated development level of industries and cities.The scale characteristics mainly manifest that the cities with high integration degree are the cities with large population in the municipal districts. The integration degrees of industries and cities in the mega-cities, metropolis, large cities, medium-sized cities and small cities are0.49177,0.49193,0.43146,0.41772and0.41409. The average integration degree of industries and cities in the cities with large population is apparently higher than that in the medium-sized and small cities. The reason why the integrated development of industries and cities manifests the above scale characteristics is that larger cities usually gather more resource factors, doing well in the four aspects, that is, the development level of industry, the urban construction and service level, the human development, and the interaction of industry, city and human being. However, it does not mean that the larger the city is, the better it is. The medium-sized and small cities can also make great achievement in the integrated development of industries and cities. According to the rankings of integration degree of industries and cities, there are3medium-sized cities (for example Shaoxing city, etc.) among the top20cities. On the contrary, larger city is easier to become overcrowded, and the per capita quantity of resource is insufficient, which will influence the integrated development of industries and cities. It is the metropolis that possess the highest integration degree of industries and cities, while the integration degree of industries and cities in the mega-cities declines a little.According to the study, the four factors, namely, the industrial development, the urban construction and service level, the human development, and the interaction of industry, city and human being are slightly different in influencing the integrated development of industries and cities. The industrial development is the eternal power of the social development and the important foundation of the integrated development of industries and cities, as well as the essential factor of influencing the integrated development of industries and cities. In addition, the development level of industry directly or indirectly determines the urban construction and service level and the human development, and it is also the material basis of the interactive development of industry, city and human being. In this sense, the industrial development is the first power engine of pushing forward the integrated development of industries and cities. the urban construction and service level is usually closely linked to the city’s industrial development. The former needs the latter to provide material guarantee for it. However, due to great differences of each city, the relevance between the above two factors is uncertain. People are the soul of the city, and the main impellers of the urban construction and industrial development. The integrated development of industries and cities should contain human development. Human development is one of the major factors of influencing the integrated development of industries and cities. As far as its connotation is concerned, human development refers to the overall development of human beings. However, in terms of its extension, the content of human development is rather comprehensive, which needs to constantly develop and improve in practice. The interaction of industry, city and human being is the advanced stage of urbanization development and the basic guarantee to achieve the sustainable development of cities. The relational degree of the index of "the interaction of industry, city and human being" with other single indexes is weaker, while its dispersion degree is far higher than other single indexes. It indicates that in the process of urbanization, the industry, city and human being have achieved a certain degree of development, but the interaction of the three is still low and needs to further develop.After deeply analyzing main kinds of factors influencing the integrated development of industries and cities, the author draws a general path figure of achieving the integrated development of industries and cities. This path figure can be simply reduced to "a platform, two subjects, three goals, four systems"."A platform" refers to the urban area with the integration of industries and cities, which regards the integrative development of industry, city and human being as the general objective. Building advanced urban areas with the integration of industries and cities is not only essential to promote the urban sustainable development, but also necessary to improve people’s life and happiness."Two subjects" refers to the market and the government. The market and the government can both play an irreplaceable role in the construction of urban areas with the integration of industries and cities. In the integrated development of industries and cities, the market should play its decisive role, and the government should play a better role, both providing strong driving forces for the integrated development of industries and cities."Three goals" refers to the mutual integration between industries, city and human being, namely, industry-city integration, industry-human being integration, human being-city integration."Four systems" refers to the city construction and operation system, city functional system, city public service system and city factors system. The four supporting systems are the cornerstones of the integrated development of industries and cities. Only when the quality and standard of the four supporting systems are constantly improved can the integrated development of industries and cities be provided with solid guarantee. Every city should according to its own characteristics and the particular development stage, take targeted measures, enhance the level of integrated development of industries and cities.In the process of carrying out the general path figure with "a platform, two subjects, three goals, four systems", the government should complete the specific work from three aspects. First, the government should establish people-oriented concept of development. Not only the central government should advocate scientific development view, but also the local governments at all levels should adhere to the people-oriented concept of development. According to reforming the official assessment mechanism and encouraging the participation of the public, the central government should make sure that the local government can appropriately execute the public power. In addition, every region should be encouraged to develop characteristic industry according to the market demand, achieving differential development. Then, it is of significance to reasonably define the central government’s property ownership and authority of office. On the basis of property ownership defined scientifically, the role and function of the central government and local governments in the urban construction should be defined reasonably. At the same time, it is important to give full play to the initiative and positivity of the local governments providing public service, ensuring the government can work better. Last, a new cooperation system of the open regions should be established. It is necessary to break the barriers between different departments and regions, share the regional resources and achieve the cooperation and development. In addition, it is significant to achieve the facilitation of transferring and following social security and the equalization of providing public service, to break the barriers of population flow, truly achieving the integrated and interactive development of industry, city and human being. |
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