Research On Intellectual Property Rights, Export Composition And Total Factor Productivity

China’s "Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan" and our government work report in2012made it clear as the direction and the basic ideas of development, which is " to speed up the transformation of economic development pattern, and promote the strategic adjustment of the economic structure","to promote the development of foreign trade from scale expansion to improve the quality and efficiency, from cost advantage to comprehensive competitive advantages". Today, knowledge and innovation have become the power in driving sustained economic growth. So, how to seize the opportunities of the global economic structure adjustment, improve the intellectual property right protection system, adjust the allocation of domestic resources, change the export trade mode, and promote technological progress, have become an important research program in the economic researches. In this complex economy system, what mechanisms are there among intellectual property right protection, the structure of export commodity and total factor productivity? Which role does the property rights protection in China play for the changing of export structure? Whether the changing and improvement of intellectual property right protection in China have impacted on the total factor productivity and its components? Considering structural adjustment and technological progress as the basic starting point, and intellectual property rights protection as the main line, this paper provides the researches about the following aspects.First, from the concept, measure method and the trend of development, this paper analyzes the situation of the intellectual property right protection and the mix of export commodities in China. This paper provides the new index of export structure involving the primary products, high-tech products and other manufactured goods, as well as the new index of intellectual property right protection including the legislation and law enforcement. We find that the degree of intellectual property protection have been slowly strengthened in China whether use the index of patent licensing, patent applications, GP, or use the new IPR index considering law enforcement. It is also found that the mix of export commodities is upgrading steady, which varies among different provinces, whether use the index of the export scale, the growth rate of export or the new index to measure the export structure.To illustrate the interaction mechanisms among IPR, structure of export product and total factor productivity, this paper constructs "four factors" theoretical models that IPR affects the export structure, and elaborate direct effects and indirect effects of IPR on total factor productivity, and simultaneous mechanism among them. The results show that IPR affect competitive advantage of different export products by affecting the trading efficiency, economies of scale, technological innovation, industrial structure, and then change the structure of export commodity. In turn the changing of export structure can affect the evolvement of intellectual property right system by transmitting external market demand, international technology standard and competition. This paper includes labor, capital, production efficiency and IPR in the endogenous economic growth model, and the analysis shows that IPR is the key factor promoting economic growth. After international trade, FDI and IPR are combined in the unified framework of technology transfer model, the results show that IPR can cause the short-term dynamic adjustment of productivity growth by interacting with international trade and FDI. Upgrading the structure of export commodity can promote total factor productivity by effect of competition and learning, deepening the division, expanding the scale of market, and the incentive effect of institution. There exist a complex relationship and linkage mechanism among IPR, export commodity structure and total factor productivity.This paper further estimates the impact of IPR on export commodity structure, TFP and its components, by using time series data during the period of2000-2010and panel data of31provinces. The empirical methods of OLS, GLS, GMM, DEA etc, are adopted. Then the simultaneous equation is adopted to estimate the simultaneous effect among IPR, export structure and total factor productivity. Empirical results suggest that there exists the promotion effect of IPR protection on optimizating the structure of export commodity, which is more significant for the high-tech products. But the promotion effect of IPR protection varies among different regions and there exists significantly positive effect of IPR protection on the optimization of export structure for the eastern region. The evidences support the direct effect of IPR on total factor productivity and its components. In the meanwhile the empirical studies also suggest the IPR protection can indirectly promote TFP by affecting international trade and FDI. After considering the endogeneity and relationships among variables, the empirical results from the provincial panal data show that the export structure can significantly improve the IPR at the level of10%, and IPR protection can significantly accelerate the optimization of the export structure at the level of5%. IPR and export commodity structure also play the co-drive and complementary role on the upgrading of total factor productivity in China. Perfecting of IPR and optimizing of the export structure, are not only favored to the improvement of technical efficiency, but also to technological progress.