Study On Marx And Engels’s Ecological Thoughts And Ecological Civilization Construction In China

This thesis contains six chapters in total.The first chapter reviews the evolution trajectory of the ecological thoughts of Marx and Engels.The ecological thoughts of Marx and Engels experienced three stages,including germination,formation and development.The germination of the ecological thoughts mainly appears in the periods of their studies in the middle school and UNIversity as well as the "Rheinische Zeitung" period.Engels,who was born in a factory owner family,witnessed the workers’ non-human experiences of exploitation,and thus criticized the dual persecution of capitalism on external nature and workers themselves,germinating the ecological thoughts.With the completion of the conversion in Marx and Engels’s view of the world,scientific practice-based materialism,which was created by them,help the gradual form of their ecological thoughts.They mainly elaborated the dialectical unity relationships between "Human-Nature-Society".They profoundly pointed out that in an effort to completely achieve the balance and harmony between human and nature,human and people as well as human and society,capitalism private ownership must be abandoned,realistic reform practiced and the replacement by the public ownership-based communism system applied.Marx and Engels’s ecological thoughts was further developed in their later time,and they successfully built more sophisticated economics and political theories,dialectical materialism views of nature as well as historical materialism.The second and third chapters introduce the main contents of the ecological thoughts of Marx and Engels.Marx and Engels did not explicitly put forward the terms or concepts of"ecology",but many of their books contain very rich and profound ecological thoughts.On the basis of the relevant theoretical texts of Marx and Engels in different periods,these two chapters clarify their ecological thoughts as deeply as possible in terms of six aspects including ecological factor theory,ecological economy theory,ecological crisis theory,ecological ethics theory,ecological aesthetic theory and ecological society theory.Thus,these two chapters relevantly systematically summarize the rich contents of Marx and Engels’s ecological thoughts,indicating their profound implications.The fourth chapter mainly theoretically analyzes the relative premises of ecological civilization construction in China from the Marxism point of view.The theoretical question for the construction of ecological civilization,which must be confronted and responded,is how to rationally recognize and scientifically review the targeting directions and practical pursuits of "Socialism ecological civilization",especially considering the competition of natural and social ecology between two social systems under the context of globalization.By interpreting the texts of the classical Marxism theory and the relative theories of ecological Marxism(or ecological socialism),we find that socialism and ecological civilization highly fit from the theoretical perspective,while their unfitness in practice is due to the divergence of the nature of socialism.The construction of socialism ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics requires the rational recognition of many domestic constraints and the confrontation of a lot of realistic opportunities.As a result,we can positively face challenges,seize the important opportunities of civilization transformation,and make full use of the advantages of system,policy,science and technology and culture,in an attempt to construct"beautiful China" and "green China" and thus achieve "China’s eco-power".The fifth chapter mainly explains the theoretical construction of ecological civilization in China.Chinese Communists apply Marx and Engels’s ecological thoughts as the theoretical guidance and combine China’s specific national conditions and practices to actively explore ecological civilization theory and practice for a long time,and thus socialism ecological civilization theory with Chinese characteristics is formed.In this chapter four dimensions including civilization outlook,population,resources and environment outlook,development outlook,and science and technology outlook are used to summarize and refine the theoretical construction of contemporary Chinese ecological civilization,which is the inheritance,development and innovation of Marx and Engels’s ecological thoughts by several generations of leaders of the Chinese Communist Party.And thus,the theoretical socialism system with Chinese characteristics has been further enriched and improved.The sixth chapter mainly describes the practical paths of the construction of ecological civilization in China.The current promotion of ecological civilization construction must systematically interact with the economic construction,political construction,cultural construction and social construction.This requires not only the transformation of practical concepts and transition of development modes but also vigorous investment of ecological capitals and great support of ecological science and technologies;it requires not only rigid security of ecological civilization system and ecological environmental laws,but also internal constraint of virtue penetration and cultural reconstruction.Through the collaborative promotion of economic,political,law,concept,moral pathways,harmony between human and nature can be promoted and economic construction and ecological construction can be coordinately developed.In this way,ecological civilization construction can be better promoted,contributing to the production and living environment for people as well as the global ecological safety.