Study For Reproductive Toxicity Effect And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Typical PPCPs

The pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) that were identined emerging contaminants have received extensive attention by society. Massively reports showed that a variety of PPCPs existed in municipal wastewaters, surface waters, drinking waters, ground waters and aquatic organisms. But studies on the environment effect and ecological risk assessment of PPCPs were quite limited, especially for reproductive fitness to aquatic organisms under low dose long-term exposure. A list of PPCPs existing potential ecological risk were screened in this study based on the pollution level of Chinese surface water. A system of effect assessment based on different endpoints of specific organisms was constructed, and case studies about multi-classes ecological risk assessment for typical PPCPs were conduct.Criteria for screening and evaluating ecotoxicity data were described from reliability, relevance and accuracy mainly based on the Netherlands method as well as the other screening methods, and guidelines for water quality criteria or environment risk assessments. A list of PPCPs were screened by risk index (RI) method, which was based on reproductive toxicity data screened by the criteria and the highest environmental exposure concentrations detected in Chinese surface waters over the past 10 years. The result showed that 20 kinds of PPCPs presented high risks in Chinese surface waters, including 2 antibiotic,6 hormones,4 other drugs and 8 personal care products. The PPCPs most at risk in the list was Ethinylestradiol (RI=115730), followed as Nonylphenol (RI=1796) and Diethylhexyl phthalate (RI=1752.65).Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was chose from the screening result for a typical PPCPs. Species sensitivity distributions (SSD) were constructed based on various chronic toxicity data, including survival, growth, reproductive, biochemistry and molecular biology. Results showed that, reproductive fitness was the most sensitive end point to DEHP. According to the risk index,69.2% surface waters in China may have ecological risk (RI>1) resulting from reproductive fitness if the thresholds of protection for aquatic organisms were set up as (HC5). Results of probability risk assessment indicate that,72.22% of surface waters in China were predicted to pose risk to reproductive fitness with HC5, which was much higher than assessment results based on growth and survival toxicity data. Therefore, effects on reproductive fitness, especially for fish, were more suitable for ecological risk assessments of reproductive toxicity chemicals.The reproductive toxicity effects and the sensibility of different endpoints for 5 species were studied on triadimefon, and potential risks in surface waters (rivers and ponds) around crops were assessed by risk index method. The result showed, toxicity effect were observed to all kinds of species, and the sensitivity were followed as:Oryzias latipes> Daphnia magna> Brachionus calyciflorus> Heterocypris incongruens> Soirodela polyrhiza. According to the predicted no effect concentration derived based on reproductive fitness and the predicted environment concentration, we fond that the potential risk (RI>1) to rivers and ponds would persist for 60 days and more than 90 days respectively after triadimefon used by cotton. Therefore, triadimefon had potential endocrine disrupting effects to aquatic organisms, and aquatic organisms reproduction would be affected under long-term exposure.