Impact Analysis Of Ecological Compensation Programs On Rural Employment And Environment Outcomes

In recent years,based on the concept definition of"ecological compensation",a large number of researches on environmental issues are conducted.Since "people",as the most dynamic element in rural area,is an important transmission mechanism between ecological environmental management and ecological environment.the factor "people" has to be taken into consideration in order to evaluate the effect of ecological compensation programs.Except for the direct effects acquired by ecological compensation programs,it indirectly exerts an influence on ecological environment by affecting local people's production pattern and lifestyle.This paper focuses on the influence of the implementation of ecological compensation programs on employment decision of rural labor force and peasants' family income,and pays attention to environmental outcome caused by non-agricultural employment of rural labor force under the influence of ecological compensation programs.Then,aimed at solving the problems of rural labor force employment,income increase for peasants,and ecological environment which are generally existing in rural area,this paper will provide scientific basis and measures.This paper is divided into five parts,with seven chapters.The first part is the first chapter,as the starting point and framework of research.The whole paper is under the definition and guidance of the first chapter.The second part is the second chapter,including the source of theory,definition of basic concepts,literature review and summary.The third part,involving the forth,fifth and sixth chapters,is the empirical part.Through empirical analysis in the forth,fifth and sixth chapters which are based on original investigation data,employment model,income model and environmental outcome model are established.The basic research conclusions are reached by analysis and judgment of quantitative analysis results.Empirical analysis can be concluded into "three steps":first,research the influence on non-agricultural employment decision for rural labor force exerted by ecological compensation programs;then,under the perspective of household heterogeneity,research the influence on peasants'family income with different income levels caused by programs;finally,based on mediated relation model,explore the direct and indirect effects on the input of agricultural chemicals due to programs.The forth part is the seventh chapter,proposing corresponding policy implication and future research prospect.The result from empirical analysis shows that:the implementation of existing ecological compensation programs may result in the problems of surplus rural labor force and land second ploughing.Ecological compensation programs for farmland can significantly improve family income of peasants with middle income level;ecological compensation programs for jobs can greatly raise family income of peasants of extreme poverty;all the ecological compensation programs can't markedly increase the income of peasants with high income level.The input of agricultural chemicals is mostly from non-agricultural employment households instead of agricultural employment households.The ecological compensation program for jobs indirectly decreases the input of agricultural chemicals by restraining non-agricultural employment.The ecological compensation program for farmland directly reduces the input of agricultural chemicals in original land by changing the plantation structure in program lands.The influence on non-agricultural employment and input of agricultural chemicals exerted by ecological compensation program for forestland is not significant.The main policy implication includes attracting stakeholders for direct participation,achieving normalization of ecological protection post,improving self-development ability in rural area,playing synergistic effect of different policies and fully considering peasants' heterogeneity.This paper integrates ecological environmental protection and social and economic development in rural area into an unified analytical framework.It has innovative research scope and perspective and also grasps the core of sustainable development in rural area.Because the research is conducted on the foundation of sufficient factual basis and technical support,the research conclusion and policy application have high scientificity,which is of certain practical application value and realistic guiding significance for coordinating ecological and economic relationships in rural area.