| Due to the rapid process of urbanization,the improvement of consumers'living standards and the dramatic increase of private car ownership,the growth trend of carbon emission levels from household transport sector will become more and more significant.However,in the broader context of carbon mitigation in whole society,the comprehensive effectiveness of all carbon-reduction measures would be weakened by the increasing carbon emission from individual transport sector.Therefore,it is meaningful to reduce and stabilize the carbon emission level in this sector.Personal carbon permit trading of individual transport could be viewed as an effective policy option to encourage consumer to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emission through changing high-carbon travel practices.Obviously,as a market-based mechanism to curb and reduce personal carbon emission,economic incentives will be a critical factor in consumers' energy consumption decision-making.Considering this mitigation policy has not been implemented in practice so far,it is important to clarify the specific economic incentives process for emission reduction practice,which would be helpful for mechanism design,scheme implementation,policy adjustment and so on.In this paper,based on the data of Chinese urban residential transport sector and some others' studies,we will investigated the related issues about economic motivation of carbon reduction under personal carbon permit trading scheme by applying the mathematical model method.Firstly,we analyze the carbon permit price formation process in personal carbon permit trading framework and then further investigate its effect on fuel consumption behavior and energy-saving vehicle purchase choice behavior.The main content of this paper is as fellows:(1)Based on the theory of utility and emission permit trading,this paper established a consumer fuel consumption utility optimization model under the personal carbon permit trading scheme in individual transport sector,so as to derive the demand and supply function of traffic carbon emission permit in the carbon market,and then we analyze the permit price formation process under the equilibrium condition of market clearing.Furthermore,the key influencing factors and influence laws about equilibrium permit price were explored.The results show that the permit price is determined by the permit demand and supply of all trading participants in the carbon market.Moreover,the initial traffic carbon permit,gasoline price and the carbon emission rate of gasoline are the critical factors affecting the equilibrium price.The specific influence laws have important implications for policy making.(2)Based on the consumer fuel consumption utility optimization model,and combined with Roy's identity,Shephard's lemma,duality theorem and Slutsky equation in advanced microeconomics,we derived the mathematical expressions of price effect,substitution effect and income effect about the influence of carbon permit price on consumers' fuel consumption demand from basic models.On this basis,we examined whether and how the carbon permit price effect on consumers' fuel consumption demand behavior.The results shown that,in practice,the price effects are always negative for both over-emitters and under-emitters whether in short or long run.Therefore,the economic incentives generated by the introduction of carbon permit trading could effectively reduce the consumption of fuel and carbon emission.Furthermore,the effect of the carbon permit price on consumers' energy demand are significant differences in group and time.(3)Under the personal traffic carbon permit trading scheme,we construct the optimization model of energy-saving vehicle purchase choice through introducing the binary choice variable.Then,we investigate the role of permit price signal in the consumer selection decision process between a conventional fuel-powered vehicle(CFPV)and a new energy vehicles(NEVs).The results show that there are two different levels of critical permit price for high-and low-emission groups.When the equilibrium price in the carbon market is in a different critical price range,the purchase behavior of high-and low-emission groups will be different.Additionally,a new energy-saving vehicle purchase subsidy calculation form was proposed from the carbon subsidy perspective which indicate that the environmental net benefits generated from the adoption of energy-saving vehicle should be concerned.This will provide a benchmark that will help in developing effective subsidy policy.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1)The current practice of various types of carbon mitigation measures were mainly introduced for the upstream production activities,while for the downstream consumption activities,the substantial measures is obviously inadequate.In the context of the increasing carbon emission from the consumption sector,this study focus on the consumers' carbon mitigation in transport sector and further analyze the role of economic incentives generated by personal traffic carbon emission trading scheme in effecting carbon reduction behavior.We attempt to explore the questions of how the price formation process and how its influence on consumer carbon reduction behavior.The research results of this study provide a new idea and theoretical reference for government to implement carbon mitigation policy for consumers in the future.(2)Since there are no countries and regions to implement the personal carbon permit trading scheme in practice,we can not use the econometric analysis method to examine the economic incentives for effecting carbon reduction behavior.Therefore,this paper constructs the consumer fuel consumption utility optimization model,the optimization model of energy-saving vehicle purchase choice and new energy-saving vehicle purchase subsidy model,and then further derived the model results through mathematical optimization approach.On this basis,we analyze the carbon permit price formation process,and investigate its effect on fuel consumption behavior and energy-saving vehicle purchase choice behavior.The mathematical model and model optimization results constructed in this paper provide a good theoretical basis and reference for subsequent econometric research.(3)This paper defines the carbon property rights of carbon emission from individual transport sector through carbon emission permit allocation and measures the marginal carbon reduction costs at the market carbon permit price.It is possible to calculate the environmental net benefits from net benefits generated from the adoption of energy-saving vehicle.This study expands the practical application scope of external theory,property right theory and emission permit trading theory,and provides a theoretical reference for the establishment of carbon emission reduction market regulation in downstream consumption sector. |
PDF Full Text Request