Urban Tourism System Carbon Emissions Accouniting And Optimization Research

With the rapid development of China's tourism,the negative effects of tourism activities have become increasingly prominent,tourism as a “smokeless industry” argument in early stage has been denied by the majority of the institute.As a matter of fact,the impacts of tourism on the global climate change far beyond people's imagination.A large number of studies show that tourism activities will generate a lot of carbon emissions,tourism carbon emissions attracted more and more attention and become a research hotspot in academic circles.In recent years,the scale of China's urban tourism is continually expanding,the proportion of urban tourism income has continued to rise.In addition to urban have more tourism resources types,and the tourism resources have a high grade.Urban tourism has played a significant role in China's tourism map,urban tourism system's energy saving and emissions reduction has immeasurable significance on tourism energy saving and emissions reduction and even the low carbon of whole national economy.This paper follows “cognitive-accounting-reduction” carbon emission analysis system.The purpose is realized to urban tourism system's carbon emissions accurate accounting which suitable for our various kinds of data and calculation methods,and analysis the characteristics of carbon emissions,overcome some problems in research of tourism carbon emissions in past,such as accounting scope is too large,accounting precision is too low.And based on carbon emissions' calculation and analysis,formulate urban tourism system optimization measures to provide theoretical and methodological reference for the realization of urban tourism low carbon development.This paper make explanation of the selected topic basis,the research significance,research purpose,research contents and so on at first.Using the method of literature review to define the concepts of urban tourism,low carbon urban,urban tourism system and so on,these are the guiding ideology of this thesis.And this paper introduces the progress of related research at home and abroad according to the research content,this lay a good foundation for study.After that,we defined urban tourism carbon emissions accounting system boundary,and reviewed accounting methods of domestic and foreign tourism carbon emissions,those make clear accounting methods and analytical framework for urban tourism system research.Based on the previous researches,taking Kaifeng city as an example,using IPCC methods and the indirect carbon emissions accounting method and the improved EIO-LCA model based on tourism environment input-output model to empirical accounting and analysis for urban tourism system carbon emissions.Lastly,taking tourism traffic as a typical case,using algorithm of scene simulation and optimal solution to research carbon emissions optimizing model,and discussion on urban tourism development of low-carbon system optimization measures.The main conclusions of this study are the following aspects.(1)Based on the definition of the concept of urban tourism system,and from the "horizontal" and "vertical" two levels determine its carbon emissions accounting scope.These can systematic clarify the structure and influence of the urban tourism carbon emissions,overcome the problem of single view in past carbon emissions research,and enrich the relevant theories of low-carbon tourist city.(2)Through improvement and application of indirect carbon emissions accounting method and improved EIO-LCA model based on tourism environment input-output model,those researches can better adapt to our country's tourism statistical caliber,improve the precision of tourism accounting for carbon emissions,expand the scope of accounting,provide a reference method for the urban tourism system carbon emissions accounting of our country.(3)The city of Kaifeng tourism system “transverse” carbon emissions accounting display that there is a big difference of the direct carbon emissions among the various departments and types of tourists,and tourism traffic is the largest direct carbon emissions department in tourism system of Kaifeng city.The city of Kaifeng tourism system “longitudinal” carbon emissions accounting display that there is a big difference between indirect energy consumption types in tourism system of Kaifeng city.Coal is the largest source of energy consumption in tourism system of Kaifeng city.The types and characteristics of energy consumption are different between various departments and types of tourists in tourism system of Kaifeng city.(4)The proportion of direct tourism carbon emissions is smaller for total tourism carbon emissions in Kaifeng city.Different types of tourists' per capita carbon emissions are quite different,the total carbon emission of inbound tourist is lowest,but per capita carbon emission is highest,Total carbon emission of non-agricultural household is highest,and per capita carbon emission of agricultural household is lowest.Urban tourism carbon emissions intensity is lower than carbon intensity per unit of GDP.Compared to other industries,the development of tourism more conducive to energy conservation for city,to develop urban tourism,urban tourism play a pivotal role for the city is an important measure to reduce the city's carbon emissions.There is a big difference between each sector of tourism carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions in Kaifeng city,various departments have a different effect on other sectors of the national economy.And there are significant differences between the carbon emissions associated with other industries.There exists a significant industry characteristic in carbon emissions related for each department.(5)The biggest carbon emission and carbon intensity are tourism traffic.Through implementation of different foreign and local traffic emissions optimization measures,can effectively reduce the tourism traffic carbon emissions.Tourism traffic has an important role in the carbon emissions reduction for the whole urban tourism system of low carbon development.The research contributions of this are the following two aspects.(1)Constructed urban tourism system of carbon accounting system,defined urban tourism carbon emissions accounting system boundary,and reviewed accounting methods of domestic and foreign tourism carbon emissions.These researches lay the foundation for the research of tourism carbon emissions in urban,and make the low-carbon tourism related theory richer.(2)Improvement of the tourism carbon emissions accounting methods,indirect carbon emissions accounting method and the improved EIO-LCA model are suitable tourism carbon emissions accounting for our statistical caliber and tourism development situation.These expanding the application practice of tourism environmental input-output model in a small geographical space.And using scenario simulation and optimal solution algorithm to simulate and solve tourism traffic carbon emissions optimization measures,it provides a methodological reference for the related research of tourism low carbon development.