Study On The Measuring And Evaluating Of The Urban Residential Morphology

Residential morphology and urban spatial structure epitomize urban morphology and urban geography studies. The research of residential morphology is very necessary in understanding urban management and urban planning. It is a significant challenge to characterize the spatial differentiation of residential landscape pattern in different spatial scales and dimensions. The residential morphology explores the spatial distribution of residential space and residential differentiation. Meanwhile, it can display the spatial distribution of urban sprawl and land use change, based on the spatial analysis of the pattern of residential development on a small scale. Residential morphology characterizes the feature of social characteristics, economic conditions, and physical built form in the residential space. Residential morphology investigates the relationship between the residential built form and social, economic, locational, ecological factors, and contributes to simulate temporal and spatial variation of residential space development.In this paper, the analysis of three-dimensional spatial characteristics of living space form in multiple scales and spatial dimensions, is as a starting point for the study of residential morphology. The first chapter describes the background and significance of the topic, and reviews the research content and method in the researches of urban morphology and residential differentiation. The second chapter displays the theoretical basis and spatial analysis technology of residential landscape pattern and spatial differentiation. The third chapter explores the spatial difference of residential pattern in urban horizontal dimension. The fourth chapter is focused on the spatial form on the vertical dimension of urban living space based on the pattern of high-rise residential building. The results of model comparison can provide the optimal model. As well, this chapter drops a correlation analysis among the landscape metrics and analyzes the influence of social, economic, locational, ecological factors on the spatial differentiation of residential morphology. The fifth chapter investigates the different types of urban living space form based on the three-dimensional spatial indexes, and utilizes the three-dimensional visualization describing the different types. Then, a geographic field model based autologistic model (GFM-autologistic model) is used to explore the landscape pattern of residential space in three-dimension, and explore the relationship between spatial deferentiation and urban social characteristics, economic conditions, locational conditions, and the natural ecology elements. Chapter six drops the main conclusions, innovations, and prospects. The empirical research in this paper has the following contributions.(1) The manuscript proposes a series of spatial metrics for characteristic value to describe the residential morphologyIn this paper, we use a variety of spatial analysis techniques, combined with the application of spatial analysis and spatial regression models, meanwhile, the method has been improved and innovated. In the use of spatial analysis techniques to characterize spatial patterns, it is not only to select a number of spatial indicators, but also based on the external effects of the factors, which can be used to analyze the spatial variation of the index and the spatial variation. The spatial metrics for characteristic value mainly characterize the extreme value, mean value, fluctuation, capacity, density and structure of residential space. At the same time, this paper select the appropriate calculation method and trend surface interpolation method for the characteristic metrics.(2) analysis of the characteristics of residential space differentiation in multi-scale and multi-dimensionThis study analyse the spatial differentiation characteristics in spatial scales including:Division of administrative regions, link partition, quadrants, and parcel unit partition. Key analysis is based on parcel unit scale of living space. It concentrates on characterizing the extreme value, mean value, fluctuation, capacity, density and structure of residential space. This paper also uses the concepts of 3D terrain features to describe the residential morphology. At the same time, explores the effect of different external influence factors on the spaital difference of residential morphology. The spatial variation curves of different spatial characteristics with different influence factors are plotted, and the spatial variation of the residential space form in the microscopic view is presented.(3) The GFM-autologistic modelThis study employs a geographic field model based autologistic regression model (GFM-autologistic model) to study the spaital distribution of the change of residential morphology. According to the methods of receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve) and Akaike information criterion (AIC), the spatial simulation capability of the spatial regression model is evaluated. Meanwhile, the ability of spatial regression model to deal with spatial heterogeneity is compared with the residual autocorrelation curve. The GFM-autologistic model has the maximum ROC 0.889 and the minimum AIC 482.487, the tests confirm that the GFM-autologistic model has the best model fit among the types of spatial regreesion models. The geographic field model defines the external effect of the ecological elements, open spaces, and locational factors. It also quantifies the distance decay by a linear intensity function with an influence threshold, instead of the Euclidean distance, thereby avoiding the bias that is caused by the Euclidean distance. The spatial autocorrelation in the GFM-autologistic model improves the model fit over the ordinary logistic model.(4) urban residential space control zoning based on multi-factor synthetic appraisementThis paper utilizes the multi-factor synthetic appraisement to propose the control patition for residential building height. we make a complete impact factor and the correction factor system, at the same time, realize the mechanism of the various factors and select the appropriate evaluation unit, to accurately divide the potential of high-rise reisdential development. Based on the key technology of web crawler, the change monitoring from high resolution remote sensing image and aerial images, and urban cadastral survey data, this paper extracts the spatial distribution of residential buildings from 2010 to 2015, to provide data base for potential zoning and control partition. According to the height of the control of the five specific urban high-rise residential district planning:high-rise forbidden area, high-rise strict control zone, high-rise general control area, high-rise moderate development zone, high-rise concentration and encourage district. At the same time, based on the combination of hierarchical and divisional control, elastic control and rigid control, the layout and control partition of urban residential space is put forward.