| In the past several decades, Chinese cities have demonstrated an uniqueness in the speed of spread and intensity of urban areas which improving the socio-economic development and human living level. Contemporary, the rapid and extensive urbanization also resulted in unorder urban expansion, and further induced many social and environment problems. Therefore, our focus is how to realize the sustainability and coordinated development of urban-rural spaces through the adjustment and control of green space. Zhengzhou is a regional center city and later-urbanized city in the whole urbanization pattern of China. As the core city of CPER(Central Plain Economic Region) and node-city of the new silk road, Zhengzhou is facing the good opportunity to develop the urban and economy. But how to aviod the ecological and environment pollution in the future big city development process is necessary to consider and study. Therefore, based on the concept of resource integration and cooperate growth, and the multi-technologies come from multi-disciplines, the objective of this paper is to study the dynamic changes of urban-rural space in the past rapid urbanization process, explore the action mechanism of multi-drivers on landscape pattern changes, put forward the suitable and scientific method to optimize green space structure for the urban-rural space sustainable and coordinated development. The research content and results were main following:1) Systematic and quantitative analyze the dynamic changes and evolution process of urban-rural space of Zhengzhou in the past two decades. Five Landsat TM images(1992, 2000, 2004, 2009, and 2013) were classified to six land use types. GIS spatial analysis and ENVI change detection were used to analysis the change trends, speed, regulation, distribution characteristics of every landscape space.The results revealed that an obvious increased in urban space and decreased in agricultural spacein the study period, and a critical landscape transition occurred in the central city area(but not yet over the region). Urban land use was the largest consumer of land resources, while agricultural land was the largest contributor of land, with construction site as a transition stage. The speed of urban growth is fastest in 2000-2004, and the intensity of urban construct is largest in 2009-2013 according to the magnitude of construction site. Green spaces exhibited decrease first and then slowly increase. The growth speed of green space was exceed the urban space between 2009 and 2013. The key region of green space growth is at the north Yellow riverside and west mountain area. The central urban of Zhengzhou is the key region of urban growth, and the urban space was growth to southeast and closer with other satellite cities over the time. Green space present the concomitant growth in the urban fringe according to the distribution and gradient analysis of all landscape space.2) Combined the remote sensing and landscape ecology to analysis the dynamic changes of Urban-rural landscape pattern in the past two decades, and explore the application of landscape metrics in the future landscape planning. According to the previous studies, we selected 8 landscape metrics at landscape and class level to study the landscape pattern changes and the application of landscape metrics on landscape planning. Our results revealed that the dominant landscape play the primary role in the change trend of landscape in different scale.Trends of LPI reflected that the city experienced a critical landscape transition from a primarily agricultural to an urban-dominated landscape(which has not yet occurred over the whole region) after 2004. landscape metrics, particularly PD, LSI and AI, can illustrate how landscape complexity changes with policy implementation, and can be used to implement green infrastructure planning smartly by maximizing its connectivity. For example, SHAPE_AM, FRAC_AM and COHESION can be usefully applied to tracking land use planning goals(such as negative impacts on ecosystem services due to an increase in straight edges and patch fragmentation), while LPI and SPLIT can be used for plans regarding linear landscape features(roads, rivers, and railways).3) visualized and quantitatived analyze the dynamic changes of green space structure using the graphy theorycombined GIS spatial analysis. We found that the connectivity of green space was increasing by 28% per year in the global scale with the growth of green space area and green patch size from 2000 to 2013. The Node degree, Betweeness centrality index, Closeness centrality and Flux of green patch also increased and changed dramaticly. The green patches located in the fringe of largest component often have higher flux and betweenes centrality index. Green space was rapid increasing and aggregating to the urban fringe according to the change trend of closeness centrality of green patches. However, there still lacked of the high centrality patches in the central urban area and the high flux patches in the urban fringe due to the small and dispersed green space here.4) Quantitatived analyzed the action mechanism of multi-drivers on Urban-rural landscape spatial pattern changes, explore the relationship between planning policy and landscape pattern changes. Correlation analysis and qualitative description were combined to study the driving mechanism of topographic, transportation, socioeconomic, national strategy, local government decision, planning policy and industrial structure on urban-rural landscape spatial pattern. Our results revealed high correlations among socioeconomic trends, land use, and landscape fragmentation and complexity; topographic features play the crucial and restricted role in the landscape expansion direction at the regional scale; national strategies seriously affected the socioeconomic development level, provide the opportunityof urban and natural landscape development;local government decision and planning policies wield a massive influence on general land use changes as well as the patterns these changes exact on the landscape, control the land use conversion timing and location,leading the reconfiguration of landscape space; socioeconomic level and industrial structure accelerate the transformation of agricultural space to urban space.5) Given that the green space growth in area but still fagmentation in the whole pattern, optimize the green space structure is significant to the future coordinated development of urban-rural space. Therefore, based on GIS, Graphab and Photoshop, we put forward the idea of construct the green complex in the urban fringe and between city groups to integrate all the recreation resource and open space together to control and help the urban sustainable development; construct the stable ecological corridor through the connection of high flux, high node degree, high centrality green patches and linkers; construct the green wind corridor along road and river which located in the predominant wind direction to release the urban heat island and haze pollution; construct the ecological green system in river basin scale to connect the river network and green space network and so on. Hope these method can relieve the conflict between urban economic development and environment protection, help the construction of livable urban-rural space. |
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