| As one of the deciduous arbors of Euphor-biaceae,Aleurites montana typical local tree species in China. The oil content of Aleurites montana fruit reaches as much as 60%-70%, which could be developed to eco diesel oil and other industrial materials and the timber is one of the materials for medium density formed board, widely used in industry, agriculture, fishery, military affairs and medication. In the past several years, trees of Aleurites montana have been planted for reforestation of eco-forests, building material forests and other non-timber applications.Meanwhile, it has attracted the concerns of many researchers as important bio-energy forest. In the study, from the perspectives of growth, physiology and nutrient traits, the differences in the growth index, foliar traits, foliar 813C values, chlorophyll fluorescence, endogenous hormones and foliar C and N contents were compared among various Aleurites montana provenances. In this way, together with the building of genetic map and analysis of genetic identity, the provenance differences in growth, pathology, nutrients and eco adaptation are explored to provide references for optimal Aleurites montana provenances selection and scientific cultivation in Fujian province.1. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters including Fo, Fm, Fv, FvlFo, Fv/Fm,Yield,qp and qN of Aleurites montana from various provenances were determined. The results showed that among various provenances there was extremely significant or significant difference in Fo,Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, Yield, qp and qN. Pingnan, Shunchang, Zhouning and Putian provenances had higher light energy conversion efficiency, Fu'an, Fuding, Zhouning and Putian provenances had faster electron transport rate and Fu'an, Zhouning and Fuding provenances had an increased quantum yield of PSII. Based on the projection values of fluorescence parameters, Zhouning,Putian and Pingnan provenances were optimal, followed by Jiaocheng, Fuding, Shunchang,Zherong, Youxi, Jianyang, Zhenghe, Fu'an and Shaxian provenances. Therefore, Zhouning,Putian and Pingnan provenances were recommended for the early selection of Aleurites montana.2. Aleurites montana from 6 different provenances were taken as the experiment samples and planted in a chosen site with the same treatments. The foliar carbon isotopic composition (?13C),the provenance differences in 813C and ?13C, and the effects of environment and growth on foliar?13C were analyzed by determining the foliar ?13C and ?13C values. The results showed that the foliar ?13C values of different A. montana provenances ranged from -27.87‰?-24.46‰, with the average value of -26.37‰. Putian, Shunchang and Shaxian provenances dominated over the others in ?13C values. The foliar ?13C showed negative correlation with longitude and latitude,was significantly positively correlated with annual mean temperature (AMT) and growth temperature and negatively correlated with annual mean precipitation (AMP) and growth precipitation. In terms of foliar ?13C and its response to environmental factors, the foliar ?13C values and WUE of Putian, Shunchang and Shaxian provenances were relatively high. In silvicultue practice, the A. montana from Putian, Shunchang and Shaxian provenances were recommended to be planted in semi-arid and nutrient- deficient sites as pioneer trees, helping to enhance the nutrient returning and improve the soil fertility. On the other hand, with lower foliar?13C values, the A. montana from Jiaocheng, Zherong and Fu'an provenances were suggested to be planted in moist sites so as to fully exert the water taken capacity and improve the growth.3. The foliar endogenous hormones including GA, IAA, ZR and ABA from various Aleurites montana provenances are determined. The results showed that among various provenances there was extremely significant difference in GA, IAA, ZR and ABA and GA>ZR> IAA>ABA in terms of discrete values of variation coefficient. There was significant correlation between IAA and ABA(p<0.05 )and correlation between GA and IAA(p<0.1). The difference in the ratio of various endogenous hormones revealed the differentiation in adaptability among provenances. The plants were proved to have better cold resistant capacity with higher ABA contents and lower GA contents. Located in northeastern part of Fujian province with low AMT, Zhouning and Fu'an provenances had very low GA/ABA values, which showed better cold resistant capacity.4. The correlation between growth index including stock height and root collar diameter and foliar chlorophyll fluorescence, ?13C and endogenous hormones was analyzed among the various Aleurites montana provenances. The results showed that there was no obvious correlation between growth index and foliar chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, therefore chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not commended as the suitable pathological index for early selection.There was significant positive correlation between ?13C and stock height and RCD, extremely significant positive correlation between ?13C and foliar stalk. With comparatively high ?13C,stock height and RCD values, Putian, Shaxian and Youxi provenances were optimal provenances in terms of WUE and growth. Based on the clustering of growth and endogenous hormones, the Aleurites montana provenances could be classified into three groups, among which Putian and Zhenghe provenances were recommended for tree introduction.5. The correlation between growth index including foliar C and N contents and foliar chlorophyll fluorescence, ?13C and endogenous hormones was analyzed among the various Aleurites montana provenances. The results showed that there was different correlation between Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm,Yield, qp and foliar C and N contents and C/N, among which Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm had significant positive correlation with foliar N contents (p <0.05 ) and second-degree parabola correlation with C/N; Yield and qp had second-degree parabola correlation with foliar C contents.?13C had no obvious correlation with foliar C contents and C/N,and second-degree parabola correlation with foliar N contents. GA/ABA and GA had different negative correlation with foliar N contents and extremely positive correlation with C/N (p <0.01).6. By the method of RAPD, a batch of primers for Aleurites montana amplification reaction were selected and genetic maps of Aleurites montana provenances were plotted to analyze the relations between geographic distribution and genetic identity. The results showed that there was apparent genetic variation among different provenances,which was a proof of comparatively high genetic diversity. The genetic distance of different Aleurites montana provenances ranged from 0.2491 to 0.8011, from which Shunchang and Putian provenances showed distant genetic relation while Jiaocheng and Shunchang provenances showed close genetic relation. Based on the dendrogram, Aleurites montana provenances could be classified into 3 groups: Zhouning,Pingnan, Zherong, Fuding and Putian as one group, Fu'an, Zhenghe, Jiaocheng, Shunchang and Jianyang as one group and Youxi and Shaxian as a group.7. One of the basic targets of provenance selection is to build provenance comprehensive evaluation system for early selection. In the study, entropy evaluation was applied to the building of Aleurites montana provenance early selection model based on the 3 primary index of growth,pathology and nutrient and 16 secondary index. The results showed that Zhenghe and Zhongyuan provenances were optimal. Based on the comprehensive evalution and genetic distance, the optimum provenances in group 1 and group 2 were recommended for further hybridization breeding experiments, such as ZhenghexPutian provenances and Putian×Fu'an provenances. |
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