Pheromone Screening And Activity Assay Of Chinese White Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus Armandi)

The Chinese white pine beetle,Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li,is considered as a serious native pest in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains of China.It will invade the health Chinese white pine of 30 years or order(Pinus armandi)mainly,great harm has been done for the forest ecosystem of Qinling and Bashan mountains.Conventional physical and chemical control methods are mainly used to treat the D.armandi in the inside of the bark,it is not only can not effectively control the occurrence of D.armandi and bring environmental pollution and changes in the structure of Qinling forest ecosystem,there is an obvious conflict with the Qinling national full implementation of natural forest protection project and water source protection project.Adopt the method of field trapping can control the quantity of D.armandi and effectively reduce the damage and pollution to the environment in the flying period,to achieve the purpose to reduce the number of D.armandi at a faster speed and higher efficiency.This experiment paid attention to identification of sex pheromone,aggregation pheromone,the control factor of female D.armandi density and the anti-aggregation pheromone of D.armandi,field trapping techniques and comprehensive management of D.armandi,aim at exploring the composition and application of pheromones of D.armandi,the high efficiency and specificity of the field trapping are further improved,which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the prevention of D.armandi and the protection of the Chinese white pine.The main results are as follows:1.Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analyses of volatiles collected from live D.armandi revealed that(1)virgin female and mated male but not mated female D.armandi produce frontalin and(2)female but not male beetles produce exo-brevicomin.2.Electroantennography(EAG)and Y-tube laboratory assays indicated that virgin females release low-concentration frontalin as sex pheromones to attract males,the mated males release a high concentration of frontalin and lose the attraction to the males not as a sex pheromone,frontalin + ?-pinene as a virgin female and mated male-produced aggregation pheromone.exo-Brevicomin is a density adjustment factor of females which is released by the females to the females.3.Electroantennogram tests(EAG)and olfactory assays(Y-tube assays)in the laboratory revealed that female beetles were more attracted to controls(hexane)than verbenone at lower concentrations of verbenone and male beetles were more attracted to controls at higher concentrations of verbenone.Field trials indicated that the addition of verbenone to the baits for D.armandi remarkably decreased the efficiency of field trapping,it provides a theoretical basis for verbenone as the anti-aggregation pheromone;further research is needed on the role of trans-verbenol.4.D.armandi are found to be more likely to invade the half cloudy slope and half sunny slope with ample light and small temperature difference in the wild investigation.D.armandi have two modes of mating,which is one female one male and one female two males.Field activity detection of the volatile matter screening of Pinus armandi and Dendroctonus armandi hindgut showed the effect of group B(?-phellandrene:(S)-(-)-?-pinene: camphene = 2: 1: 1),H(?-phellandrene:(S)-(-)-?-pinene: camphene = 2: 3: 2)and I(?-phellandrene:(S)-(-)-?-pinene: camphene = 1: 1: 1)were better than the other six reagent groups;group B had a significant difference in the luring dffect of males and females.About the study of trap hanging position and the trapping effect was best when traps were hanged in the forest and the path of forest,the trapping effect was next when traps were hanged in the forest edge and outside 10 m,when the traps were suspensioned outside 50 m of forest,the number of D.armandi was least.5.On the basis of the investigation and research on the hazard,pheromone monitoring and prevention and control of D.armandi,combination with the structure of Qinling forest ecosystem and the actual production of forestry,the comprehensive treatment plans for different areas of victimization were proposed.The comprehensive treatment plan for the non-victim forest is anti-aggregation pheromone isolation belt + monitoring.The comprehensive treatment plan for the new invaded pinus forest is chemical instill + anti-aggregation pheromone release + trapping;the comprehensive treatment plan for the forest with new invaded pinus,withered pinus and dead standing pinus is upbringing + chemical instill + anti-aggregation pheromone release + trapping,the comprehensive treatment plan for the large-scale affected artificial forest is sector control + upbringing + chemical instill + anti-aggregation pheromone release + trapping.