A Study On The Monthly Commands Of Early China

The clue of this paper is the process of Yueling (monthly commands,??)evolvement which is different editions were integrated into the one, and political rules of Han dynasties were influenced by the newborn monthly commands.Monthly commands include Xiaxiaozheng(?????), and Youguan(????),Sishi(????), Wuxing(??) in Guanzi(????), as well as twelve ji (Seasonal Arrangement) in Mater Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals(??????), Shizexun of Huainanzi(????·????), and Yueling in Liji(???·???).Allowing for the anticoincidence between the time of accomplishments of Yueling and Liji, the concept so-called "Yueling" in main text indicates the precursor of Yueling in Liji."Political Time" is the nuclear conception of this paper which means periods with relevant moral lessons that was divided from natural time artificially.Chapter One and Two discuss the process of monthly commands documents' integration. Chapter One discusses time notion in Spring and Autumn periods, and hackle the documents of Warring States periods. The notions in Luji(????) have existed in Zuozhuan(????). In Warring States periods different notions about monthly commands existed, and monthly commands formed gradually appeared.Chapter Two discusses the process of monthly commands documents'integration which is from different editions to the one Luji(????), and the process of Yueling's classicalization. Textual structure of Luji(????) inherited Guanzi. Calendar system and names of twelve months inherited Hongfanwuxingzhuan(???????).Ritual systems as mingtang, yingqi, and wuxing, succeeded to Youguan of Guanzii(????). Phonological phenomenon were transcribed from Shixunjie. Yueling which was taken in Liji(????) was accomplished after Shizexun of Huainanzi(????).Yueling was the theory of Yinyang school at first. It became the theory of Li in later period of western han dynasty. The characteristic transformation signified the classicalization of monthly commands documents.Chapter Three recoveries "mingtang"(the Hall of Light,??)of Zhou dynasties according to classical texts, and discusses mingtang ritual rules in han dynasties. There was not a building which was named mingtang in zhou dynasties. Three mingtang buildings were builed in han dynasties which were wenshang-mingtang, yuanshi-mingtang and luoyang-mingtang separately. Yuanshi and luoyang-mingtang were designed as same as the image described in Yueling.Chapter Four discusses the ritual system of yingqi(??)in han dynasties. It was firstly carried on by Wang Mang(??).The system of yingqi at every season was transformed as yingqi(??)at five periods and five outskirts(??). Based on the system made up by western han, eastern han drew up the spirits, formats of altars, clothes colors in the day of yingqi(??),etc. further clearly. In the sixth year of Jianchu period (81AD), a collection of music was put into the ritual system of yingqi.Chapter Five studies on the impact of Yueling to administrational rules in eastern han dynasty. Time of The mayors inspection tours was not regular in pre-qin, qin, and western han dynasties. From later period of western han time of inspection tours was closed to spring. The word "Xingchun"(inspection tour in spring,??)appeared at the beginning of eastern han. The establishment of xingchun was the outcome of influence that Yueling was accepted by han dynasties.Chapter Six was compiled around two events of adjusting the time of punishments from which could acknowledge that Yueling impacted on justice system in eastern han. To the time of death penalty and tiny punishments, there were two adjustments in Yuanhe and Yongyuan periods according to Yueling. Two reforms were considered as a new political starting point of the domination of eastern han. The reforms failed finally because of the contradiction between political traditions and the idea on setting up new ritual systems according to Confucian classics totally.