| In nowadays academic field, the research against Zhang Xuecheng has turned to be a hotspot. There are a multitude of academic works about him, which almost concerned with every aspect of his academic theories. With different reputation, nowadays people still recognized Zhang Xuecheng as one of the most famous historians in Qing dynasty, while his academic position in Qing dynasty is disappointedly low. The structuring of the famous historian of Zhang Xuecheng cannot be separated from the study of him in the Republican period of China. It is in the Republican period that the Zhang Xue came from the edge into the centre of academic field, and finally became a famous doctrine. On one hand, it could show the value of his academic theory, on the other hand, it is rather a reflection that the Zhang Xue in a changing academic environment could meet the different needs of scholars in different areas. The analysis of Zhang Xue in the Republican period reflects the conflict of academic thought between the eastern and the western groups as well as the new and the old groups in that period. Based on this, my article contains the following items:First, propose the themes and study objects, and then illustrating according to the relevant concepts. In this article, I will present the academic histories; list the ready research situation and the unfound questions-The existing research against Zhang Xuecheng almost focus on his academic theory, but shows very little attention to the Republican period of China in which Zhang Xue became a famous doctrine. Most of the existing researches are based on individual cases, but ignore Zhang Xuecheng as a scholar. The relationship between the research of this scholar and the academic in Republican period hasn't be discovered too much.Second, present the stories of Zhang Xuecheng and the spread of Zhang Xue in early time. Zhang Xuecheng is a famous historian in old China, his Wen Shi Tong Yi and Jiao Chou Tong Yi are the master works of the historical theories in old China. In his life, Zhang Xuecheng is pretty poor, and his theory couldn't be accepted by most the scholars, which made the spread of his theory is very limited. Zhang Xue couldn't get the attention of Tan Xian, Li Ciming and other scholars until the end of Qing Dynasty. So that Zhang Xue could proceed during the praise and blame and get the attention of the reforming scholars in the end of Qing Dynasty.Third, present the life stories and works of Zhang Xuecheng which were collected by the scholars in Republican period. The Chronicle of Zhang Shizhai by Hu Shi not only showed the life stories and academic themes of Zhang Xuecheng, but also brought a Zhang Xuecheng fever in that time. Base on this chronicle, the scholars in republican worked out more detailed chronicles against Zhang Xuecheng. So there were more and clearer life histories about Zhang Xuecheng. Jia Yetang's Posthumous of Zhang Xuecheng and the works by Zhang Suzu, Sun Cizhou and other scholars and other researches lay the foundation of the research of Zhang Xuecheng.Fourth, present the study of Wen Shi Tong Yi by the scholars in Republican period. Wen Shi Tong Yi is Zhang Xuecheng's master work which get the far-ranging attention of different scholars during the time that Zhang Xue became the famous doctrine. Ye Changqing and Ye Ying made annotations for this work, Qian Jibo wrote a problem solving book for it. Most of the theory of Liu Xianxin came from Zhang Xuecheng. The Understanding of Wen Shi Tong Yi by Liu Xianxin gives illustration of Zhang Xue, and also points out the shortcoming of Zhang Xue, which reflects his insist in the spread of western historiography into the east. The Comments of Wen Shi Tong Yi by Lv Simian mainly gives his theory and comments from the historicism points. There are many prudent opinions in his work. The Comments of Wen Shi Tong Yi by Zhang Shunhui has many pertinent opinions.Fifth, present the illustration of Zhang Xue in traditional academic view. At the background of Zi Xue renaissance in the end Qing dynasty and the early Republican period, based on the combination of officer and teacher, politics and teaching, Zhang Deqian and Zhang Ertian extended Zixue to official system and boosted the practical value of Zi Xue. The critic against Zhang Xuecheng also shows their great tendency to the Text Confucianism. The Guo Shi Yao Yi by Liu Yihui discusses history by etiquette, which have many similar points with Zhang Xue. He has many invents on the basis of Zhang Xue, which shows his tendency of cultural conservation.Sixth, present the new tendency of the illustration of Zhang Xue. At the background that western learning surge into China in Republican period, new tendency pursuers tried to illustrate Zhang Xue in western way. The builder of the new historiography, Liang Qichao studies Zhang Xue mostly from the angle of new historiography. At the basis of tidying the old works by scientific method, in Chronicle of Zhang Shizhai, Hu Shi took western learning as reference and commented on Zhang Xue. After Hu Shi, Liang Qichao, Zhang Xue became a worldwide academic. There are plenty scholars compare Zhang Xue with western learning.Finally, the illustration of Zhang Xue and academic in Republican period. In the Republican period of China in which Zhang Xue became the famous doctrine, the different illustration by different scholars reflects the various academic theories in that period. During the process of modernization of the traditional academic, there are some misunderstanding and wrong illustration of Zhang Xue. In the theory that "All the Six Classics are History" by Zhang Xuecheng, "mean" is separated farer and farer from "meant", and in the academic field "All the Six Classics are History" in Republican period, classics declines, the emphasis of new historical materials by historians reached a unprecedented height. During the illustration of Zhang Xue, there are conflicts between scholars of Zhang Xue and the scholars of western learning. The conflict between the new and the old academic researches becomes much clearer, while the conflict between the nationality and the cosmopolitan of academic also becomes more intense. Zhang Xue was recognized as one of the academic historiography and Chinese historiography. The position of Zhang Xue in academic field was rose up accordingly. That result that Zhang Xue became a famous doctrine was greatly brought by the situation that it could meet the need of different scholars. "All the Six Classics are History" was understood as'all the Six Classics are historical material" and this thought became the theory support of the scholars to establish the new historiography which based on the historical material. The theory of local research by Zhang Xuecheng was accepted by the local research scholars, which also acted a guiding role of edit and rectify for the local research in Republican period. The theory of "Zhang Bian Xue Shu, Kao Jing Yuan Liu" by Zhang Xuecheng was also accepted by the bibliographer in the Republican period, and had some influences to the generation of modern library science. |
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