The Study Of The Heritage And Social Function Of The Tibetan Buddhism Rnying-ma-ba's Tantric Master

rnyingsma is one of the oldest sect in Tibetan Buddhism.rnyings ma in Tibetan writing"(?)" and it is a transliteration of the word that meaning "Ancient" or"old"."Ancient" which means this sect was starting development to Tibet by from Padmasambhava in the 8th century,more than three hundred years earlier than other sects of Tibetan Buddhism;The "old" refers to the tradition of the translation of Buddhist scriptures and carry forward during the early Tibetan kings,moreover there have some differences compared with the afterward translation of Tibetan Buddhism's tantric scriptures,and Tibetan historians called it "new tantra era".In the take shape of the myingsma sect,there have two schools,one is a kind of monk that usually stay in monastery and other one is a kind of layman who was staying at home,people called him Tantric master(sngags pa).rmyingsma monks were totally same with other Tibetan Buddhist sect,they also accepted the vows from monastery,and lived in strict religious life.Tantric master is a religious figure;originally they are the ordinary residents.They could marry and start a family.They usually engaged in farming and animal husbandry production labor at ordinary times.They are only in leisure or within the statutory time to participate in religious activities.Therefore,the religious groups and other sect of Tibetan Buddhism religious people have obvious differences.myingsma sect's Tantric master and it's culture was a result of acculturation of the Indian Buddhism,Tibetan Bon religion,Hindu and other religious cultures.In addition,with the process of development and evolution of the Tibetan history,Tantric master's cultural connotation is also more complex and diverse.During the early Tibetan kings,have lots of activities in the royal family to assist practice religious things and dedicate to new ideas for the warriors and encourage morale;After Tibetan kings dynastic collapse,Tantric masters act in folk to service ordinary people.They make rituals of exorcism rid disaster and troubleshoot.And in every time in the history of Tibetan religious culture was facing death or big change,Tantric masters in a special way of it's heritage to have protected the inheritance of traditional Tibetan culture.And they made an indelible contribution to the long history of Tibetan civilization.Nowadays,the academic researchers seldom to discuss rnyingsma sect's historical and cultural heritage of Tantric master,and have known that has difference with other sects of Tibetan Buddhism.They also to discuss these differences and what are the characteristics of these differences and so on.Based on the above historical phenomenon and problems,I have wrote 8 chaptersin this paper in order to discuss and analyze.In the introduction part,expounds of origin and significance of this paper,domestic and foreign research review,research methods,concept definition and the field.First chapter we are going to discuss the divisions of different appellation.In other words,this chapter will discuss by two dimensions of time and space of Tantric masters,we also to talk about process of development and distribution situations.Meanwhile,we are according to Tantric master's practice,sex,occupation to classify it.The second chapter not only describes the rnyingsma sect's tradition way and Tantric master's unique way of education,but also summarize the characteristics of this kind of education mode is dispersion and no systematic.The third chapter mainly discusses the secret of the external symbol-long hair and white cloths.In this paper,we detailed explanation for these symbolic metaphors and the symbol of explain meaning,and at the same time discuss Tantric masters as different from other religious sects,and discuss the results of interaction of "great tradition" and Tantric master's culture.Then we will talk religious symbols and symbolic changes,etc.In the fourth chapter discusses the Tantric master's development and evolvement of practice space-monk temple architectural features,types,as well as the temple monk,organization and system,etc.In the fifth chapter mainly introduced the monk,the system of gods,religious implements and symbols.In the sixth chapter mainly discusses Tantric master's secular life in the family such as marriage and children and the influence on its.And it will research Tantric masters how to seek a living between the holy dharma teachings and secular life.In chapter seventh concerning the Tantric master's folk customs culture,prevent hail ceremony,the role of village organizations,social meaning and function etc.Chapter eighth discusses system status of Tantric master in Tibetan religious ritual.To further illustrate their religious ceremony and its role and function of social organization such as family,village and tribe.Last,In the conclusion of the general,It's outlines the role of Tibetan religion and culture of the Tantric maste's culture heritage of the process,and in the each particular period.At the same time,it Profound analysis the Tantric maste's inherent power of it able heritage to now.We believe that the Tibetan Buddhist culture is mixed of Indian cultures of Buddhism,Hinduism and Bon etc.and this kind of characteristics of "hybrid" is more apparent in Tantric maste culture.Especially the primordial religious culture or witchcraft culture is the religious cultural of the "bottom of society"needs.And that provide a solid foundation of Tantric maste widely spread among the people and development.This is reason why the Tantric maste can Inheritance and development.