| Ecological Marxism, produced in European and American countriesin the 1960s and 1970s, is a unique theoretical form of Post-modern Marxism, and is also the combination of ecology and Marxism, which is a new development stage of Marxism. Based on the viewpoint andmethod of Marxism, it has a profound reflection on the relationship between humanity and nature, and a deep analsis and rearch on the causes of ecological crisis and the solutions of ecological problems. What's more, it has found a new bonding point with Marxism from the dimensions of system, production mode and values as well as ecological crisis and ecological political revolutions caused by ecological crisis, which, to some extent, defends and explains Marxism, and then helps us insist on and develop Marxism in the new era, and use the method of historical materialism to analyze and explore the origins of contemporary ecological crisis and its solutions.Mainly based on Marxist philosophy, a deep study on representatives' classic texts of North America ecological Marxism, and the reconstruction of North America ecological Marxism to historical materialism as the theme, this paper discusses the core topics of "Natural View", " Social Contradiction Theory" and "Social Development Model". This paper is divided into six chapters.Coming straight to the point, the Chapter One describes the theoretical connotation, theoretical origin and its basic sight of North America ecological Marxism. The main contents of North America ecological Marxism are to concern ecological crisis, and to adhere to the principles of ecologism and the direction of materialism, all of which are conluded by taking as an example the views of nature, science and technology and consumption dissimilation from Western Marxism, by inheriting and transforming the basic ideas of historical materialism of Marxism, by taking the perspective of the relationship between human's need and consumption, relationship between nature and culture as well as materialism, reflecting the theory creativity of North America ecological Marxism.Chapter Two describes the nature conception of North America ecological Marxism. Based on the criticism of the nature conception of historical materialism, it repeals the abstraction of traditional nature view, the defects of control and objectification, and combines nature, culture and labor so as to reconstruct the nature conception of historical materialism, highlighting the status of the natural ecological dimension in historical materialism. Deep digging the key aspects of historical materialism--the natural and cultural attributes of production force and production relations, North America ecological Marxism realizes the unification of culture, nature and labor, thereby redefining the connotation and relationship of production force and production relations. By criticizing ecocentrism, this theory also goes to a new anthropocentrism, updating the relationship between human and nature, enriching the ecological connotation of historical materialism.Chapter Three describes North America ecological Marxism on the basic contradiction of capitalism. North America ecological Marxism on the basic contradiction of the historical materialism theory is reinterpreted in this chapter. They believe, in contemporary capitalist society, the theory of basic social contradiction and the theory of economic crisis in traditional historical materialism have outdated, instead of the contradiction of production force and production relations, the contradiction between production methods and production conditions has become the basic in contemporary society, thus determining the fact that instead of economic crisis, ecological crisis has become the major crisis. Theories, such as consumption alienation, the dual contradictions and dual crisis of capitalism, material change breaks, raised by North America ecological Marxians, reveal the capitalism origins of ecological crisis and criticize the inherent anti-ecological nature and anti-humanity nature of capitalist system.The theoretical target of North America ecological Marxism is to realize ecological socialism. Chapter Four describes the revolution body and dependence power of eco-socialism which is considered by North America ecological Marxism. Various social movements caused by ecological crisis become the main struggle forms in current society, and traditional working-class socialist movement sinks into the low tide, no longer acting as the sole body to achieve ecological socialism. North America ecological Marxism pointes out that the working class, in current capitalist society, is still the main force of the ecology movement, however, it must combine with the wide green movement to struggle worldwide. However, on the leading force of eco-socialism movement, North America ecological Marxians chose the Green Party who has obvious limitations, which makes their struggle for a better society into fantasy.Chapter Five analyzes the theory of eco-socialism of North America ecological Marxism. In the specific design process of future society, they criticize the anti-ecological nature of the capitalist system, and believe that the traditional socialist system can not fully achieve ecological goals, so they propose a sustainable social development model which replaces the economic rationality with ecological rationality, that is the development model of eco-socialism, on which they discusse the development concept, state functions and organizational model of ecological socialism, reflecting its theory purport of harmonious development between human and nature.The last chapter analyzes the theory significance of North America ecological Marxism. This theory combines ecological crisis with the analysis and criticism of historical materialism to capitalist society, enrichs and develops the views of nature and labor of historical materialism, and promotes deepening historical materialism. Due to excessive emphasis on the importace of the ecological natural dimension, it generates misconceptions in cognizing the basic social contradictions, and also confuses the nature of economic crisis and the ecological crisis, which deviates from the direction of historical materialism, leading to the fantasy of the theory. Thus, we should reveal both the North America ecological Marxism's positive significance to the ecological construction of socialist modernization in China, and its negative effects.Some theoretical innovations are shown in this paper, mainly as follows:first, based on the theory substance of North America ecological Marxism, this paper gives an objective analysis and evaluation to this theory, determines the significance, legality and rationality of historical materialism reconsitution that North America ecological Marxism gives to, and thus promotes the theory deepening of historical materialism, second, based on the basic standpoint, viewpoint and method of Marxism, this paper has a deep investigation on the construction logic and historical background of North America ecological Marxism, determines that it is of correctness and profoundness for North America ecological Marxism to criticize the ecological crisis of capitalism, and determines its position in the critical theory of capitalism. Based on concrete analysis of the similarities and differences of the conditions between China and the western developed capitalism, this paper reveals its positive and negative effects on the construction of socialist modernization in China. |
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