Four Condemnation Novels In Late Qing Dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty,the corrupt Qing government had no ability to resist a hostile to the realization of people's livelihood with the national crisis ever ridden,especially before and after “Gengzi change”.At the moment,some progressive intellectuals began to explore the way of salvaging the country,they use their pen to put their political views into literary works,and they hope to transfer their ideas to save the nation through the works to the public.Especially under the guidance of Liang Qichao's "fiction revolution" and "political novel" theory,the status of the novel has been improved,and it has promoted the spread and development of the novel with the rise of the media.There has been a group with a strong political atmosphere of the novels,most of them were describing the unhealthy tendencies and the social aspects of exposing and denouncing,such works in the late Qing Dynasty were "condemnation novels".We can trace back to the 1920 s of "Condemnation novels" research,Lu Xun's "a brief history of Chinese Fiction" made more objective research of "condemnation novels",and he put forward the concept of "the four late Qing Dynasty condemnation novels",namely " The Records of Officialdom Exposur "," "witness of a strange situation in the past twenty years ","the travels of Lao can," “Niehai flower”."The four condemnation novels" is a unique literary style in the late Qing Dynasty.Them into a book in the period of the boxer country,expressing the author's profound concern for society in the late Qing Dynasty and exploration to the future of the world;they also with the rule of the Qing Dynasty of death and decay.Unique era gives the unique artistic features and spiritual values of the "four condemnation novels".Based on the historical background of the late Qing Dynasty,this paper analyzes the "four big condemnation novels" and its author,combining with the analysis of the text,literature and culture.This paper is divided into seven chapters:In the first chapter,this paper reviews the research status of "the four condemnation novels",and reviews the research achievements at home and abroad.In comparison with previous academic achievements,and strive to make breakthroughs and innovations in this paper.The second chapter discusses the general characteristics of "the four condemnation novels".Lu Xun put forward the concept of "the four condemnation novels",which is to look at the four works as a whole.The author believes that these four works have the similarity among differences.The same property is that they are under the same background and with the spirit of salvaging the feudal intellectuals of the late Qing Dynasty to the eschatological cry.Difference lies in the fact that the works of the feudal attitude and views on the future development of China's road is different.These differences are not only social reasons,but also personal reasons.Eventually they all point to the decay of the deep in the late Qing Dynasty,different times creates different culture,we cannot treat them with today's eyes to evaluate the author of a hundred years ago,however,the people's sincere heart in these works to the state is very bright regardless of how long time has passed.In the study,the author believes that the social attribute,namely the capitalist ideology of the Qing Dynasty has a maximum influence on the novel.The third chapter examines the "origin of the four condemnation novels",and compares with the "scholars"."The four condemnation novels" was written before and after the Gengzi change,its content mainly reflects that time of feudal rule and the country's future exploration.The language of the novel is sharp,strong irony,in the content,it is the social phenomenon of life.These features marked that "four condemnation novels" and "scholars" have some inheritance.The "four satirical novels" disappeared with the demise of the Qing Dynasty,but the writing style and the theme of creation have been inherited in the period of the May 4th movement.Lu Xun thinks that "muckraking novels" is "condemnation novels" the inheritors in "a brief history of Chinese Fiction",for this view,the author thinks that "muckraking novels" only inherit "condemned the dregs of the novel",and it is nothing more than resorting to the emerging things at the time to express the old vulgar jokes.Such novels make the "muckraking novels" become the Philistine in conversations.The modern essay has inherited the essence of "condemning novels",namely,fighting,humorous and so on.The fourth chapter discusses Li Boyuan and "The Records of Officialdom Exposur".The author believes that Li Boyuan's life experience and social ideal have a great influence on " The Records of Officialdom Exposur " ideological value.“The Records of Officialdom Exposur” criticizes apocalyptic officialdom and has considerable value of thought,which still has the super temporal knowledge value and warning function at present.The author uses a wide and shallow writing method,which makes the whole work show a kind of relief image of the stage farce.The fifth chapter discusses Wu Jianren and "witness of a strange situation in the past twenty years ".The author thinks that the works of Wu Jianren is similar to that of Li Boyuan,the author's life experience also has some of the same characteristics.In the "witness of a strange situation in the past twenty years ",the ideological content of the works contains the traditional interpretation of " goodness " and " karma " understanding,compared with “The Records of Officialdom Exposure”,there is some certain progressive significance.The sixth chapter discusses Liu'e and "travels of Laocan".The author believes that this work is obviously influenced by the western literature in the writing technique.In addition,one of the greatest achievements of the work is to enhance the description to a new field.The seventh chapter discusses Zeng Pu and "Niehai flower".The author thinks that "Niehai flower” boldly attacks the social phenomenon at that time,the way of writing,especially using the villain of the piece as the hero is a major breakthrough for the traditional novels.In addition,the author found in writing the " Zeng family tree of Hai Yu " and was investigated,which has an important significance and value of the author's family observation and the further study of the novel.