Self-cultivation And De-egoism Confucius' Idea Of "Improve Person"

Chinese philosophy studying the relationship between Heaven and Man since beginning and always run through the questioning of "nature and the Heaven ". Confucius's idea of "improve person" embodies in the meantime. All above mentioned complete the breakthrough of so-called axis. In terms of content, " improve person " as the coordinate origin, intricate loopback along the " Self-cultivation "and " De-egoism " two dimensions; From the formal point of view, " improve person " presents the unity of ontology (if can improve), effort (how to improve) and the ideal realm (become what).The so-called "improve person", can be combined, but also can sub-words: "improve" highlights the person's character from the ontology level. What is the ideal personality may be the value goal, but achieve ideal personality is the state of human existence. "Human to be human" not only lie in one can be an ideal man who he want to be, but he should to be an ideal man. The person of "improve person" have the difference between broad and narrow sense. No matter the person in the broad sense or the others in the narrow sense, "person "is not exists in the world of atomic individual but provides the ideal level from the ontology level. This is the essence of a loop back interaction along the two dimensions "Self-cultivation "and "De-egoism". The concrete process not only involving many realms(ontology?effort and the ideal realm), but also showed a different content and polyphony in various fields, then I will discuss respectively.First of all, Confucius' metaphysics thinking on the "person" not in the narrow sense of "what" as its basic problems and logical approach, but to view person from the perspective of "improve". This view both affirmed the improve character of person, proposed the idea of "person can improve; but also response the two questions: " how to become "and" become what "in the way of transfixion effort and the ideal realm. However, from a broader perspective, focus on people's improve character, in fact, not isolated from the human nature. In this sense, "people can improve" is also answer "what is human" in the broad sense which tell us the essence of person is generation.Man's generation involves the issue of "the debate of manpower and fate" fundamentally. Confucius' thinking about this issue show a complex pattern of "affirmation of manpower and awe of fate", which determines the palindrome expansion between Self-cultivation and De-egoism. On the whole, affirmation of manpower is attention Self-cultivation, and the awe of destiny concentrates on De-egoism. But as far as "manpower" is concerned, there is a waken course of individual to group and from freedom. De-egoism refers to the activities that shape the-moral obligations into internalized virtues. Achievement of the ideal personality rather than an infinite expansion of the self, nor blindly suppress self, but showing the intersection of Self-cultivation and De-egoism.Secondly, "improve person" can't leave learning and education. In general, the learning is the main body practice, has the character of "Self-cultivation"; education is to guide others, show "De-egoism" character. But speaking respectively, learning is eagerness to Self-cultivation on the one hand, on the other hand is self-reform of de-egoism; While the optimist spirit of "dao" being involved in " De-egoism " dimensions, "dao" generally means a transcendence of "ego". Self-reform is built on the basis of "introspection" and "self-argument ", therefore has the character of "Self-cultivation". Education, on one hand is to solve problem and dissolve ignorance, on the other hand, respect and enlightened others. In this process, the instructors are not truth self-reliance, importune consistent, but at the same time, in standard for ideal but respect other's opinion; For educated person, enlightenment, unlike infusion or muzzle, took the form of their aptitude to guide the individual from individual to group and from freedom to organization- both guide the initiation of wisdom, and prevent its monopoly. It is not hard to see, regardless of learning or teaching, all is the interaction between self and other, mixed of individuality and universality. It is for this kind of interaction and interweave, makes the truth through consistent and legalism, and transcendence and openness.Thirdly, accomplishment contains "achieving oneself" and "help others", it is the value sum of "Complete man". Achieving oneself have advocate the righteousness of Self-cultivation". Help others shows the character of "De-egoism ". Specifically achieving oneself is out of group identification, but this kind of identity is conscious, voluntary; Otherwise it just seems to help others, actually selfish. Achieving oneself though is focusing on cultivating individual virtue (the unity of virtue and ability), but in the end point and the end-result is help others, governance to the world, is not contrary to achieving oneself.Complete oneself is no lack of lofty realm, also has its specific manifestations; The specific manifestations which stands out in the real world as the relationship of "model" and "evaluation" (moral), model is "how should I do", evaluation is "how others to say". The model is, of course, with its specific personality are inseparable; But at the moment of personality does not focus on the individual characteristics, but to the class nature of every man which can imitate by everyone. As for the moral evaluation, although from the main body, is not said it has "the authority of the first person"; A sound evaluation is based on the truth, and to what purpose, is the unity of subject consciousness and common standards. Thus, model and evaluation are reflected in different degrees self-cultivation and de-egoism, individuality and the universality of intertwined.In a word, Confucius is not only celebrity complete man in theory, in practice also devoting a lot, its lofty realm and probity, constitutes the Confucian Taoist temple of origin; But the crux of the problem lies not in belief or unbelief, but is:Complete man or Uncomplete man.This give "complete man" more wider meaning. During the change of "Knowing yourself "to "Complete yourself" and "Subjectivity" to "Inter subjectivity", if eastern and western philosophy can exchange and complement each other, to build the new knowledge of human civilization?!...