Debt Shackles: The Shackles Of Mongolian Banner

During the two hundred years of Qing dynasty's domination, it took the rule of "Rule by Customs" and "Divide and rule" to Vassal state of Mongolia, which is different from the the inner agricultural area. At the same time the Qing Dynasty also implements the policy of "Banned Isolation" in terms of economy and culture, the policy of using Lamaism to soften the religious policy of Mongolia, and the policy of "Migrating to Strengthen the Border" in the late Qing Dynasty. The society, economy and religious culture of Vassal state of Mongolia has the unprecedented changes under the all kinds of policies of Qing Dynasty. By reviewing the history of Mongolia that under the domination of Qing Dynasty, after twenty-two years of conquering Junggar by Qianlong, the development of Vassal state of Mongolia can be seen as "peaceful and stable", the social economy of banner and league should be more and more developing, the population should be increase, and people should be richer. However, the number of population decreased year by year and the economic downturn make it hard to survive in the vicious cycle of debt day by day. The mystery of the strange economic phenomenon and the living death to the Monglian Banner shows its true historical reason and tortuous complicated formation process in the daily economic life of Jasak Yamen and Alabt people that recorded in the historical archives of Hanggin Banner in Ordos, Qing dynasty., the study discovers a lot of history problems which reflects the changes of the social economy's development of banner and league from historical archives of Hanggin Banner, Ordos; one of the outstanding problem is the debt problems of economy life of Jasak banner.The study is in the basis of researching the archives of Hanggin Banner and other files of banner and league in order to conduct research of the debt of Hanggin Banner in Ih Ju league, comprehensively analyzes and researches the historical processes, reasons, social consequences of debt's formation of economic situation of Jasak banner, Vassal state of Mongolia under the domination of Qing Dynasty. The method of research is by referring the archives about economic operation of Hanggin Banner of Qing Dynasty, which are composed of analyzes population, debt, revenue (tax), Lamaism, military (War), graziery, business, and land reclamation in detail. In a nut shell, this article will summarize and discuss those reasons from the aspects of cause and effect and process of libilities, respectively.This study has six parts; the first part is introduction which is made by the thesis topics, the research scope, the domestic, foreign research situation, the research goal, the research method, its innovation, breakthrough point and the introduction of main history materials. The chapter one is the construction and economy life of Hanggin Banner,it includes the construction history of Jasak banner of Hanggin Banner. The chapter two statistically analysises the range of the debt and discusses the nature of the debt from the application of loans, and thus elicit the process of "debt slavery" and the analysis of its nature. Chapter three is about debtors and creditors, this chapter analyzes the different roles in Hanggin Banner's debt from the view of debtors and creditors. The chapter four is the social consequence of debt economy; this chapter states the article summarizes discourse. The last part gives the conclusion and prospect of the paper study.