The Study Of Hanggin Banner’s Temple Historical Problems From The Qing Dynasty To The Republic Of China

Hanggin banner was typical model of deformed development of Tibetan Buddhism temples in the Inner and Outer Mongolia region form the Qing dynasty to the republic of China. Within the territory of this banner, there was built 76 temples, and therein 67 seats built in the Qing, only a few small temples founded during the period of the republic of China.In the Tongzhi reign, more than 40 temples was attacked and badly damaged by Ma Hualong “Hui uprising” army. So, most of the temples was repaired or reconstructed in the Guangxu reign.The large plaques temple was founded in the Yongzheng reign and became the “League temple” for seven banners of Yik zhao League, like Yanhui temple, it is because the famous living Buddha Qing Sujuktu Nom-iin Khan and Naru Panchen Khutuktu promoted the missionary activities, and they were closely related to the Ordos Mongolian nobility’s church and state. In the Hanggin banner, the temples had different areas of “Jangrag-in Gajar ”(temple’s forbidden area), which was forbidden to planting and animal sacrifice.Until the end of Guangxu reign, due to the “New Deal” of office cultivation in the Inner Mongolia area, a large number of temple’s forbidden area has been greatly exploited and temple incense was suffering from a severe shortage.In the Qing dynasty, the Hanggin banner sent lama to Huizong temple, Shanyin temple and Yonghe tample, and pay their regular spending money each year, until the end of Qing, this kind of religious affairs expenses became the key factor that lead to financial crisis of Hanggin banner.