New Rational Intuitionism As The Groundwork For The Metaphysics Of Morals

Ethical intuitionism is a frequently discussed topic in moral philosophy research.In the first chapter of my dissertation,by investigating the history and meaning of ethical intuitionism,I raised new rational intuitionism,namely a theory regarding moral intuition,a methodological understanding,as the foundation of morals.Also,new rational intuitionism claims that we can acquire moral knowledge by reflection on moral intuitions.Therefore,firstly,I started my research on moral intuition as a psychological phenomenon.With my investigation,we could confirm that moral intuition as a psychological phenomenon is existed.Secondly,I attempted to explain such psychological phenomenon via two approaches,emotionalism and cognitivism,then confirmed that our moral intuition was constructed by both cognitive elements and non-cognitive elements.With such result,thirdly,I considered moral intuition as a methodology for moral judgment,and by connecting with a foundationalism understanding of reflective equilibrium,I justified moral intuition with a methodological understanding should be the foundation of moral inquiry.However,there were many challenges when we transferred moral intuition as a moral judgment methodology to moral epistemology.In order to confront challenges,I utilized Phenomenal Conservatism to explain moral intuition epistemologically as the first step.On the second step,I determined to justify that we have non-inferential moral knowledge by using "standard argument for intuitionism".Then,on the third and fourth steps,I tried to justify moral intuitionism as a priori intuitionism or a posteriori intuitionism,but neither of them succeeded.So,on the fifth step,I re-explained non-inferential moral knowledge as non-inferential reasoning normally moral belief,and justified moral intuitionism.Therefore,the last question for moral intuitionism turned to be what the non-inferential moral knowledge should be.In chapter four,I tested pluralism and monism intuitionism to reconstruct the fundamental principle for moral metaphysics should be "no-harm".