Study On Yiyang Tune In Qing Dynasty Palace

Yiyang Tune(an ancient operatic tune of traditional operas,also called “Yi Tune”)is an important part of Palace Opera in Qing Dynasty.This paper takes the Yiyang Tune in Qing Dynasty Place as the object of study.According to different artistic forms and existing ways,in this paper,the Yiyang Tune in Qing Dynasty Palace is divided into three categories: Yiyang Tune in ceremony drama,Yiyang Tune in full-length drama with many acts and Yiyang Tune opera highlights.In ceremony drama,Yiyang Tune is equally important with the tunes of Kunqu Opera,both of which are highly refined.In the full-length drama with many acts,Yiyang Tune is trying to keep up with the Qupai style of the tunes of Kunqu Opera,yet,on the other side,it also uses a lot of monologues to fully express performers' rich feeling and passionate emotion,so it demonstrates a dual feature combining standardization and freedom,making it an art with the integration of refinement and popularity.The Yiyang Tune opera highlights of Palace have the characteristics of folk high-tune opera,which is very popular.This paper consists of six chapters.In the Introduction part,we will introduce the meaning to select this topic in our research,previous researches and the concept of this paper.Yiyang Tune plays a critical part in the imperial dramas of Qing Dynasty.About the writing of history of traditional opera,achievements of imperial opera researches of Qing Dynasty and achievements of kinds of drams,Yiyang Tune and plays are referred.However,there is a shortage of in-depth and comprehensive researches.Therefore,the researches of predecessors have provided references to this paper,and certain room for researches is reserved.Besides,the historical materials of the palace plays of Qing Dynasty come to be published,among which there are many documents about the Yiyang Tune in the palace,facilitating the research of this paper.Chapter I introduces the history of Yiyang Tune performance in the Qing Dynasty Palace.First of all,this chapter will analyze the application of relevant concepts of Yiyang Tune,followed by defining the research object of the article,i.e.Yi-Tune.Then,in accordance with various historical records of the court of Qing Dynasty,such as related archives and files,sort out the history and status of Yiyang Tune performance in the court of Qing Dynasty;Yiyang Tune had accompanied the whole process of opera performance in the Qing Dynasty Palace.Chapter II introduces the high refinement: Yiyang Tune in ceremony drama in the Qing Dynasty Palace.In this chapter,with Yiyang Tune in ceremony drama as the research object,we reviewed the opera list of ceremony drama and summarized the characteristics of ceremony drama on the aspects of content,ceremony and tune.Chapter III introduces the popular aspect in refinement: Yiyang Tune in full-length drama with many acts plated in Qing Dynasty Palace.In this chapter,with the two operas of Exhorting Authority to be Kind and The Legend of Deification as example,we studied their characteristics on the aspect of tunes: through Exhorting Authority to be Kind,we summarized the double characteristics of standard and freedom of Yiyang Tune in palace opera;through Legend of Deification,we summarized different use of the tunes of Kunqu Opera and Yiyang tune in palace opera.Chapter IV introduces refinement in popular drama: Yiyang Tune opera highlights in Qing Dynasty Palace.After a study of many highlights performed in the Palace,in this chapter,we compared it with folk plays of Yiyang Tune(High-tune)during the dynasties of Ming and Qing,it is suggested that the origins of Yiyang Tune highlights performed in the Palace are directly linked to the popular High-tune plays published in Baibenzhang House at Beijing,so it is fair to say that these Yiyang Tune highlights are derived from folk High-tune plays popular in Beijing at the time.And we summarized the characteristics of Yiyang Tune opera highlights in the palace on the aspects of ethical enlightenment,folk tastes,entertainment and sarcasm and political character.Chapter V introduces the status and significance of Yiyang Tune in the court of Qing Dynasty.Based on the first four chapters,in this chapter,first of all,we summarized the three levels of Yiyang Tune in the court—“high refinement”,“the popular aspect in refinement” and “the popular opera”;then,we summarized the division between refinement and popular aspect of Yiyang Tune between the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the influence of Yiyang tune in the Qing Dynasty Palace;at last,we discussed the significance of palace operas in the history of drama.