Research On Justice View Of Marx's Historical Materialism

On the topic of justice,human beings have gone through a long and long exploration.With the revival of Western Political Philosophy in 1970 s,Marx's concept of justice attracts people with its unique theoretical research perspective.How to understand and grasp Marx's concept of justice has become an important issue in the study of political philosophy.The argument about the reasonable core of Marx's justice theory is not clearer with the passage of time,but continues to this day because of the increasingly complex world situation and the “contradictions” in Marx's text,which is becoming more and more intense.Therefore,how to find a legal theoretical defense for the moral and justice dimensions of Marx is not only related to how to effectively respond to the dispute between Marx and justice,but also the key to reveal the unique theoretical narrative of Marx's justice theory and even the whole political philosophy in the new era.For a long time,Marx's concept of justice has been confronted with a presupposition challenge on the opposition between facts and value.Pascal believed that the function of reason was only mathematical calculation,but not the beginning of insight into the purpose of behavior.Then David Hume raised questions about the connection between facts and norms.Later,Kant confirmed that facts and values were irrelevant by introducing the tension between the phenomenological world and the “thing itself”.Such a dualistic cognitive pattern gradually shows that human reason has no way to perceive and understand the nature and purpose of the objective world,so that some philosophers later categorically deny any possibility of inferring moral norms from factual judgments.At this point,the opposite situation between fact and value has been formed.But at the same time,some scholars at home and abroad have put forward different views.On the basis of in-depth reflection and clarification of the relationship between the two,they try to find the possibility of dialogue and communication between facts and values through direct or indirect “intermediary”,so as to show such a common tendency that the relationship between facts and norms is not separation but unification,and it is still effective in justice view of Marx's Historical Materialism.In the traditional perspective,Marx's thought source is mainly limited to the three components of German classical philosophy,British classical economics and French socialism,but in fact,this is an simplification of Marx's theory.Especially when it comes to the theoretical origin of justice view of Marx's Historical Materialism,we will find the Aristotle origin hidden and Hegel's thought in Marxist theory.Marx applies the nourished ideas to the expression of his historical materialist concept of justice.In the “Manuscript of Economy and Philosophy in 1844”,Marx began to cry for justice with political freedom and humanitarianism as the core.Since then,he has never stopped his philosophical exploration on how to surpass the capitalist unjust society.“German Ideology”played a vital role in the formation of Marx's historical materialist concept of justice.It marked the final establishment of Marx's historical materialism,and also reflected the true formation of justice view of Marx's Historical Materialism.From time to time,Marx's understanding of justice is no longer just an expression of philosophy,but more of a shift to the practice of justice and the significance of justice.All of these lay a strong foundation for Marx's concentrated and mature interpretation of justice view of Historical Materialism in “The Capital”.As we all know,there are seemingly contradictory statements and expressions in Marx's texts.The fundamental reason for this is that justice view of Marx's Historical Materialism realizes the philosophical transformation of the research paradigm of justice theory.And a group of internal provisions show the brand new image of this concept of Justice: first,historical materialism is the interpretation basis of justice view of Historical Materialism,which guides us to think about the source of justice and evaluation criteria;second,negative dialectics is the methodological basis of justice view of Historical Materialism.When dealing with something,the right way is not to observe it statically,but to regard its most essential and core part as dynamic,because “contradiction” is their fundamental attribute,and capitalism is equally incapable;third,ideal and belief are the goal of justice view of Historical Materialism.As the ideal goal of human beings,Marx provided the initial picture of the future communism and its realization way.Finally,justice view of Historical Materialism shows three theoretical characteristics different from traditional justice,that is,integrity,criticism and practice.Justice view of Marx's Historical Materialism includes the dual meaning of factual justice criticism and normative justice construction.The former constitutes the “explicit image” of Marx's concept of justice,while the latter is “hidden image”.Specifically,from the perspective of facts,justice view of Historical Materialism means that justice is a social and historical category,and anyone who defends eternal justice and his theory will eventually face failure.And through critique of exploitation and surplus value,capital and capital logic,it reveals the essential injustice under the cover of capitalist formal justice.In terms of norms,Marx made three efforts.First,the most outstanding contribution of justice view of Historical Materialism is that it makes a normative answer to the source and evaluation of justice;second,Marx has preliminarily discussed the return of human nature,market and political system and distribution according to needs in the future Communist society;third,Marx demonstrated the way to achieve justice,which is the theory of the proletarian revolution?Since its birth,Marx's concept of justice has been challenged by many scholars.John Rawls,the main representative of western liberalism,and Karl Popper,the philosopher who is regarded as an important threat to Marxist belief,are the typical representatives.Among them,Rawls' query focuses on Marx's distribution principle of “each according to his ability,distribution according to his needs” and the lack of justice in the Communist society,but in a fundamental sense,such criticism is untenable,because Marx's justice is not based on power,but on historical materialism as the final interpretation principle.To put it another way,Rawls' s two principles of justice are also contradictory.Liberalism's theory of justice will eventually show its fragility.Popper,on the other hand,criticizes Marx's Historicism intensely on the basis of the principle of falsification.He believes that the development of history is in accordance with a certain trend,but not regularity or inevitability.In fact,this criticism is actually a misreading of Marx's historical determinism.The reason for this is that Popper expanded the scope of the use of falsification principle,mechanically and unilaterally emphasized that Marx's historical determinism is just a dogmatic science that has not been falsified yet,but did not fully realize that history is not only the result of human subjective initiative creation,but also contains The necessity of the new society replacing the old one.