Marx And Engels' Dialectics Thoughts And Its Application And Development During The Contemporary China

The problem of dialectics thoughts is always the hot topics in the academic field.Today,Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts are the theory guidance to many development problems,such as ecological problem,development problem,capital problem,state building problem,human surviving problem and so on,it is the topical issue at home and abroad.This paper arranges Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts in their classic masterpieces,observes its application and development and dissertates its guide significance during the contemporary stage of China.Marx's dialectics thought is passed through the developing process of sprout,breed and formation.Marx expresses the seeking of self-conscious' freedom according to the analysis of internal contradiction of atomic concepts in the doctoral dissertation,analyses the mysticism,eclecticism and dualism of Hegel's dialectics from the critique to Hegel's philosophy.Marx points out the double errors of Hegel's dialectics 'in the dissimilation labor theory,indicates the nihility position of negativity of Hegel's dialectics,discovers the alienation being the active link of Hegel's dialectics,and exhibits the distinctive logic route of realizing communism.Marx analyses the basic characteristic of Hegel's dialectics from the critique to self-consciousness philosophy,shows its harm to the worker's practice in the sociaty and expresses the dialectical relationship between the proletariat and bourgeoisie.In the end,Marx systematically elaborates some dialectical relationships,such as social existence and social consciousness,productivity and productive relations,economic base and superstructure,these mark the establishment of Marx's history dialectics thoughts.Marx applies history dialectics thoughts to analyze the capitalist society,develops it to capital logic,and points out that the identity of capital logic is the realistic basis of identity of Hegel's dialectics.Engels points out the wrong viewpoint of Dulin's philosophy system from the opposition to the Dulin doctrine,elaborates the dialectics and its laws and describes the dialectics of human cognition activity.Engels defines scientifically the dialectics laws and its category on the nature dialectics,expresses the harmonious coexistence among nature,human and society.Engels explains the contradiction of Hegel's philosophy system and method from the liquidation of German classical philosophy and illustrates the dialectical relationships between dialectics and basic problems of philosophy basic problem and between economic base and superstructure.On the old age communication,Engels indicates the dialectical relationship between economic base and superstructure and emphasizes dialectics being the basic method of materialist history conception.Based on the standpoint above,this paper responds the argument that the nature is autonomous operating dialectics or not,which are proposed by some western scholars,such as Lukacs.According to Hegel,dialectics has completed the transition to the ontology,nature and society are both the sublation medium.Since there is the presence of history dialectics,of course,there is nature dialectics to exist.Marx admits the existence of nature dialectics and also introduces nature dialectics to history dialectics.Engels also puts forward nature dialectics on ontology.Due to the mode of production of capitalism,history dialectics and nature dialectics cannot realize the seamless connection and harmonious coexistence as the expression of Hegel.Only after it has toppled the mode of production of capitalism,it will recover the ideal state of harmonious coexistence between history dialectics and nature dialectics and realize the human de velopment freely and comprehensively.This is the theory essence of interest of Engels' nature dialectics,however,it cannot be understood by western scholars.During the revolutionary period,Mao Ze-dong applies and develops Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts mainly from the perspective of epistemology and contradictory view.On epistemology,Mao Ze-dong addresses some dialectical relationships,such as perceptual cognizing and rational cognizing,direct experience and indirect experience,rational cognizing and practice,absolute truth and relative truth.On contradictory view,Mao Ze-dong relates some dialectical relationships,that is,universality and particularity of contradiction,main contradiction and secondary contradiction,significant contradiction aspect and secondary contradiction aspect,identity and belligerence of contradiction.He also analyses the effect of antagonism on the contradiction.Based on the viewpoint above,this paper interprets the reason of Mao Ze-dong studying of materialist dialectics,explains the innovation of materialist dialectics made by Mao Ze-dong,and answers the related misunderstanding of Schlamm to Mao Ze-dong's dialectics thoughts.From the viewpoint of dialectics being the unity of theory and practice,this paper explains the contradiction problem"quintessence theory".From the beginning of ancient Greek philosophy,dialectics has a research inclination to emphasize theory and scorn practice.Marx and Engels have realized the organic unity between theory and practice of dialectics.Mao Ze-dong has inherited this comprehension viewpoint,realized the unification via the combination between Chinese concrete revolution and Marxism general principle,and proposed the contradiction problem "quintessence theory" based on the methodological significance.During the initial period of construction,Mao Ze-dong applies Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts to the building process of socialism from"two point theory" and "key point theory".During the consolidation process of socialism,Mao Ze-dong raises creatively concept of the basic contradiction of society,the basic contradiction of socialist society,the contradictions between ourselves and the enemy,and the contradiction of internal people,develops the contradiction viewpoints of Marx and Engels.After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee,China has entered the period of reforming and opening up.Deng Xiao-ping applies Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts mainly from the theory of basic contradiction of society,contradictory identity and the law of mutual change of quality and quantity.Jiang Zemin applies and develops Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts from the theory of basic contradiction of society,"two point theory" and "key point theory".According to the achievement of system science and ecology,Hu Jin-tao applies system thinking to govern state and applies ecology thinking to expound the harmonious coexistence between human and nature.Therefore,comprehensive and coordinated development concept contains system thinking,sustainable development concept contains the ecology thinking.These develop Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts."Harmony" concept applies Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts with the identity of contradiction.System dialectics is deepened from the system thinking,"Four-Comprehensiveness" strategy layout contains the system dialectics."Four-comprehensiveness" strategy layout employs global optimization law,structure-function law and differential cooperative law.It need deal with its relationship with two environments,lay emphasis on the top-level design of system and take advantage extensively of active role of the combination between "Internet +"and big data technology.Five aspects of development idea is based on the particularity of Chinese social reality,has applied and developed Marx and Engels'dialectics thoughts assisted by "two point theory" and "key point theory"."Five one"the overall layout also contains system dialectics,it emphasizes its integrity,structure and openness.Based on the viewpoint above,this paper has explored the evolution,concrete form and practical value of materialist dialectics in contemporary China.Before the period of reforming and opening up,our understanding of materialist dialectics is mainly stemmed from Soviet textbooks,that is Soviet textbook type of materialistic dialectics,it is the product of planned economy.At the beginning of reforming and opening up,our country emphasizes epistemological perspective to comprehend the materialist dialectics that is epistemological significance type of materialist dialectics,it status of the creative nature of human being and appeals people to devote oneself to socialist modernization building.With the deepening of reforming and opening up,our country proposes problem awareness and starts to explore independently the Chinese-materialistic-dialectics that is methodology significance type of materialist dialectics,it emphasizes the guidance with the Marxism methodology,seeks concrete dialectical method from materialist dialectics to solve the difficult problems of our society,it is embodied concretely by the system dialectics and ecology dialectics.Nomatter what kind of materialist dialectics,it all aims to demonstrate the legitimacy and rationality of the governing position of Party.During this process,our country is emphasized on the application and development of materialist dialectics with various dialectical thinking.It leads to a result that materialist dialectics has different concrete forms in contemporary China,that is to say,it emphasizes the socialist development dialectics with contradiction thinking,emphasizes system dialectics with system thinking and emphasizes ecology dialectics with ecology thinking.Socialist development dialectics mainly indicats that Mao Ze-dong,Deng Xiao-ping,Jiang Zemin,Hu Jin-tao and Xi Jin-ping build and consolidate socialism by the theory of basic contradiction of society of Marx and Engels,and it is the unity between "two point theory" and "key point theory".System dialectics is the outcome of the development of system science,studies the relationship between the whole and part with system thinking,and is a new form of materialist dialectics.Hu Jin-tao and Xi Jin-ping apply system dialectics to deal with the relationship between the whole and part within state government in order to realize the modernization of national governance.Ecology dialectics is the outcome of the development of narrow ecology,believes nature as an ecosystem,deliberates the dialectical relationship between nature and human with ecology thinking,and develops Engels' nature dialectics.HuJin-tao and Xi Jin-ping apply ecology dialectics to deal with the relationship between nature and human and aim to realize the harmonious coexistence between nature and human.The practical value of materialist dialectics is embodied in the value of capital logic,system dialectics and ecology dialetics to the socialist modernization construction.Marx and Engels' dialectics thoughts have abundant content and it has guidance and explanation to many problems of today's world.There is yet a profound practical soil and comprehensive space existing in contemporary China,and Marx and Engels'dialectics thoughts will continue to play a significant role in the socialist modernization construction.