Research On The Grammar Of Sanyuan Dialect In Shaanxi

This paper takes the dialect of Shaanxi Sanyuan as a research object,mainly from the five aspects:tone-shifting words,affixes,lexical words,tense and aspect,special sentences.These five aspects are all based on the grammatical phenomena of dialect characteristics.The concrete research method is to describe,compare and analyze the phonetic forms,structural forms,grammatical functions,semantic features and pragmatic conditions of language under the guidance of the theory of combination of form and meaning.The research focus on the description of grammatical facts,and for some grammatical phenomena combined with the theories of typology and grammaticalization.Through the research,we can conclude to the main characteristics of word formation,structure,grammatical category and syntactic syntax of Sanyuan dialect.This paper is divided into seven chapters.Chapter One:Introduction.This chapter mainly introduces the basic situation of Sanyuan's geographical position,history,culture,population and economy,and explains the object,theroies,research status,and article style of Sanyuan dialect.Chapter Two:Tone-shifting Words.This paper analyzes the basic concepts of"oroginal words" and "breeding words" and describes the tone-shifting words.This part of the description is divided into two aspects,first of all,with the existing information as a basis for sorting out the Sanyuan dialect in the tone of the word structure,then compare the original words and the breeding words from three angles:the change of speech,the change of semantics and the change of pragmatic function.Through the analysis of these three aspects,we can see that the tone-shifting method does not have the productive ability in the Sanyuan dialect,but the words which are cultivated through the method of tone-shifting are still used.Chapter Three:Affix.First,distinguish the affixe and quasiaffixe.Second,the analysis of the affixe and quasiaffixe.Generally speaking,the adjective affixes only have the light tone,the other affixes both have the light tone and the original tone.This is the difference among these affixes.The adjective affixes can be only used as the affixes,while the other affixes can be used as the other words and express the other meanings.Chapter Four:Lexical Reduplication.Explain the main contents of this chapter are lexical reduplication words and lexical reduplication constructs on the basis of distinguishing between these two aspects.Most of the lexical reduplication types are reduplication in configuration,and the smaller part is the configuration reduplication.Chapter 5:Tense and Aspect.On the basic concept of modern Chinese language,this chapter explains the three grammatical means related to the meaning of time in Sanyuan dialect:lexical methods,syntactic methods,morphological methods.In order to talk about the use of syntax with instructions,this chapter takes a brief introduction of the verbs,time nouns and time adverbs.Generally speaking,Sanyuan dialect has the perfect aspect,realized aspect,progressive aspect,durative aspect,experitential aspect,ingressive aspect,tentative aspect,past tense and future tense.In Sanyuan dialect,there are three methods of expressing the tense and aspect meaning:grammatical mark,lexical reduplication and syntax format.In these three methods,the most important method is the grammar mark among these three grammatical methods,followed by lexical reduplication,the last is the syntactic structure.Some tense and aspect meaning would be ambigulous when we used them in life.These phenomena mainly happened in tentative aspect and future tense.Besides,this chapter has used the theory of typology to analyse "?" which can be used as the past tense and as the method to express plans and willings.Chapter Six:Special Sentences.This chapter includes the sentence of ?,the sentence of ?,the sentence of ? and comparison sentences.The main contents include the structure of these sentences,the grammatical structure of different grammatical functions,the semantic features expressed by different sentences,and the emotional and pragmatic functions generated in the specific context.In addition,the phenomena of causative and passive ambiguity is expressed in terms of linguistic typology and grammaticalization in French,English and Korean.The special sentences can both be used alone and be used together.Comparation sentences can be divided into three types.Different types include different sentence patterns,and the functions of each sentence are clear and can not be mixed.Chapter Seven:Conclusion.This chapter summarizes the characteristics of four aspects of word formation,configuration,temporal and syntactic,and gives a brief description of the shortcomings.At last this paper has looked forward the prospect of the research in the future.In a word,through the above research,this paper shows the most dialectical grammatical phenomena in Sanyuan dialectic.We hope our research would provide reliable grammatical facts for the grammar research for other dialects,and make a contribution to the dialect and language research.