A Commentary On The Evolution Of The South Metropolitan Area Defence System In The Ming Dynasty

South Metropolitan Area,the South Capital,was the center of economics,the subcenter of politics,and an important military post during Ming dynasty.The defense system went through four stages.In the prophase,The capital was transformed to the Auxiliary Capital;In the middle,the defense and patrolling the Yangtze river became integrated;in Jiajing,the civil official as provincial military commander had expanded their power for anti-Japanese pirates;In the later period,four sub-defense areas had been built.For the capital changing,the Grand Commandant leading group who command the permanent Capital Train Divisions to defense Nanking had token shape.The Capital Guards and Battalions' troops were slightly weakened,while the others were slightly increased.The former still mainly carried out training and defense,the latter mostly served State Farm and Grain Transport.For anti-Japanese pirates,the coastal defense was governed by anti-Japanese pirate Regional Military Commissioner of three provinces.After Zhengtong,for long peaceful time,the anti-Japanese pirate Regional Military Commissioner was divided into three.The mid-Ming period,for the security issue along Yangtze river,Nanking Vice Censor –in-chief or Assistant Censor-in –chief began to inspect the training and defense of the Yangtze river and Patrolling the Yangtze river,to unify the Yangtze river defense and coastal defense.The Grand Defender Battalion soldiers system and the civil official controlling the Military officer was initially formed.In the mid-JiaJing,for anti-Japanese pirates,the system was in full swing.The north and south Touring Pacifiers obtained the designation Grand Coordinator Concurrent Superintendent of Military Afairs,and the Nanking Ministry of War Minister Concurrent the Grand Adjutant had got power to direct the South Metropolitan Area.Then the civil official Concurrent Military Superintendent was solidified,The Nanking Ministry of War Minister Concurrent the Grand Adjutant unified four defense region,continued to the late of Ming.