The Development Characteristics And Mechanism Of Chinese Teenagers' Forgiveness

As part of the emotional quality,forgiveness plays an important role in individual's physical and mental health and interpersonal communication,drawing great attention of scholars at home and aboard.However,the current research on forgiveness have some shortcomings and limitations.First of all,the definition of forgiveness is not unified,lacking of localized measuring tools.Secondly,study subjects are limited.Psychological studies of forgiveness mostly aimed at college students.There are less studies covering the entire adolescent stage.Thirdly,the existing studies are mainly discuss the forgiveness theory,which are lack of systematic study of the pathogenesis,physiological characteristics and neural mechanism of forgiveness.Therefore,physiological contribution to the forgiveness training for teenagers remains inadequate.Lastly,the existing research methods of forgiveness emotion are data analysis and questionnair mainly,lacking experimentation method,cognitive neuroscience method in particular.The study is mainly based on literature analysis,semi-structure interviews,theoretical deduction and practice summary.The study firstly gives the localized definition of forgiveness.Then Adolescent Forgiveness Questionnaire is made based on the semi-structured interviews and open questionnaire.The questionnaires provide evidence for adolescent forgiveness education by investigating the developmental features and types of forgiveness of Chinese teeanges.Moreover,a series of three-factor models of the genertion mechanism of forgiveness are raised and verified by experiments from the angle of the offenders and being offended persons.Finally,the pathogenesis of forgiveness was further verified and the cognitive neural mechanism of forgiveness was revealed to provide a perspective for the study of the education and intervention of forgiveness through the investigation of whether there is a difference in the EEG response between the groups of high-level and low-level forgiveness in the face of different injuries.The study can not only open up new fields of forgiveness emotion study,expand the study of adolescent emotional quality,enrich the therotical value of emotional educational psychology,but also can provide new thoughts for effective education of forgiveness emotioanl education and play important role in the enlightenment of improving adolescent forgiveness emotional ability.Five main conclusions can be reached as follows:(1)Adolescents Emotional Forgiveness Questionnaires have eight items,including shallow forgiveness and deep forgiveness the two dimensions.The questionnaire has good reliability and validity,which is an effective tool to measure the adolescent forgiveness.(2)In a whole,teenagers' forgiveness in China are positive,but still needs to be improved;Teenage forgiveness rise with the promotion of learning stages.Junior middle school stage is the crucial moment for the development of adolescent forgiveness emotion;The deep forgiveness rise with learning stages promotion,and the shallow forgiveness fall with the promotion of learning stages;Boys' forgiveness are significantly higher than girls' after junior middle school;Boys' shallow forgiveness were significantly higher than girls' while deep forgiveness are remarkably lower than the girls'.Adolescent forgiveness have four types: high level of deep and shallow forgiveness,low level of deep and shallow forgiveness,high level of deep forgiveness and low level of shallow forgiveness,high level of shallow forgiveness and low level of deep forgiveness.(3)The three-element model is forgiveness mechanism.According to experimental research: the victims' evaluations to offenders' behavior intention,the degree of injury and sincere apology are the cognitive conditions to generate situational forgiveness.The offenders' behavior intention,the degree of injury and sincere apologies have impact on the generation of situational forgiveness respectively;The victims' perception of offense unintentionally,lower degree hurt and sincere apologies are more likely to produce situational forgiveness.(4)The cognitive reevaluation of the three-element model can promote the individual emotional forgiveness.Experimental research shows the reevaluation of behavior intention,the degree of injury and sincere apologies can promote individual forgiveness;forgiveness possibilities can be related to a number of independent reaction indexes such as the skin temperature,blood volume pulse frequency(heart rate),blood volume pulse amplitude and galvanic skin response.(5)Different persons have different EEG responses when facing different levels of forgiveness emotional damage situation.The modulation of forgiveness on the processes of hurt situations occurred at the late stage of information processing.The P200,N2,and LPC amplitudes of high-level group forgiveness in the context of high and low-level injurie situation are remarkably lower than the low-level group of forgiveness.LPC amplitude of the high-level group forgiveness are significantly lower than in high-level injurie situation of LPC amplitude,and LPC amplitude of the low-level group forgiveness are significantly lower than in high-level injurie situation.