| The Russia of the late 19 th century and early 20 th century in a very special period of history,which is special in many fields such as politics,culture,literature and art.On the political front,Russia is facing the disintegration of the tsarist rule and the establishment of the Soviet regime.The violent social change has completely subverted Russia's original social value system.On the culture front,The thought and theory from the West were gradually introduced to Russia at the time of the Tsarist Peter's reform.By the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century,the cultural upsurge of learning from the West once again swept through the Russian land,and many intellectuals became dazed in the process of extreme Westernization,Began to reflect on the relationship between tradition and modernity.On the culture Literature and art,The birth of the term silver age marked the re-prosperity of literature and art during this period,and at the same time,literary criticism theory closely linked to literature and art naturally became particularly active.In many literary criticism,the theory of religious literary criticism is different because it is closely integrated with Russian traditional religious beliefs and philosophical thoughts.At present,there is still a lack of research on the theoretical study of Russian literary theory in our country.To this end,this article will study the theory of religious literature as the object of study.Combined with specific literary writers and works,this article explores the connotation and characteristics of the theory of religious literature criticism with Russia's deep philosophy and culture as the backgroundThe paper consists of eight parts,details of its parts are summarized as follows:The introduction discusses the cause and significance of the topic of the thesis.This thesis will study religious literature criticism theory,there are two reasons: on the one hand the theory in the current Russian Russia and the Western world occupies an important research status.many of the ideas of the theory have opened up new horizons of Russian literary criticism.The other hand,China's current research on this theory has yet to be in-depth.Most of the research results remain on the surface of the introduction and review.Since then,the paper further researches in the field and its related documents,and summarizes the relevant research ideas and methods,and summarizes the overall framework of the paper.The first chapter systematically reviews the history and cultural background of religious scholarlycriticism.Firstly this chapter elaborates on the term silver age.According to the source,time range and covered areas of research,we believe that the term represents a peak in Russian literature and art and criticismin the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries.Secondly,drastic political formchanges during this period was in sharp contrast to the silver age in the field of literature and art.Feudal Tsarist,Western capitalism socialism and the Bolsheviks became mutual wrangling trilateral political force.Under its influence,Russia's owns experienced many coups,uprisings and bloody massacres.The complexity of the political situation led to the deep mental crisis of many intellectuals during this period,and at the same time prompted them to find ways to reform the state and improve the national spiritual culture.Thirdly,spiritual culture began to appear in a comprehensive cultural revival during the period.Various literary genres were formed and grow,and gradually recognized the value of national traditional culture in Russia in the process of learning from the West.it is in the traditional culture in the inheritance and rebelling,forming a religious theory of literary criticism.The second chapter focuses on the origin of religious literary criticism in terms of religion and philosophy.This chapter considers that the two most important theoretical sources of religious literary criticism are Orthodox theology and traditional religious philosophy.Firstly,Orthodox theological thought determines the basic discourse system of religious literary criticism theory.Since its introduction to Russia,the Orthodox Church has become the main object of the Russian people's spiritual beliefs and has formed a set of theological discourse and theory with Russian national characteristics.By the Orthodox Church's effect,religious literary criticism creatively uses a large number of theological discourse and theory in Russian national characteristics,for example TraktatcurDeusHomo,Polymerization,Eschatology and Sophia Theory.These theories as a tool of religious criticism against Western rationalism form a literary criticism theory with religious characteristics.Secondly,religious philosophy representing Russian traditional philosophical theory provides a profound theoretical basis for religious literary criticism.Russian philosophy originated in the 18 th century,developed into the Slavic philosophy in the 19 th century,and then absorbed the theory of Western philosophy by the influence of their religious traditions,finallyformed a more systematic theory of religious philosophy under the efforts of Solovyov.Many of the representatives of religious literary criticism are basically inspired and influenced by Solovyov's philosophy,and Solovyov was also regarded as a spiritual mentor by religious literary critics.The third chapter mainly examines the ideological connotation of the theory of religious literature criticism.This chapter holds that its ideological connotation is mainly embodied in the exploration and elaboration of the theory of the divinity in human nature.The relationship between God and man is not onlythe basic theme of Orthodox theology,but also the core idea of religious literary criticism theory.The main meaning of this theory is the high degree of affirmation of the spiritual value of man,is to give the divine character to human nature.Religious literary criticism carried out the interpretation of writers and works on this basis.Firstly,this chapter analyzes the concrete manifestation of the relationship between God and man in religion,philosophy and literature.On one hand,the chapter describes that the silver age absorbed and reassessed the literary tradition of the golden age,and holds that there are obvious differences between the two:the silver age attaches more importance to the interpretation of literary works from the religious perspective.On the other hand,this chapter analyzes the ideal of God and Man in Russian literature,and delves into the example of Dostoevsky.Secondly,the theory of God and man in the specific theory of religious literature criticism embodied in the importance of freedom of personality,paid more attention to the awakening of individual consciousness in the treatment of literary works.In this part,we mainly discuss the different understanding of the theory of God and Man between Berdyaev,Shetov and Rozanov.Thirdly,religious literary criticism introduces creative theory of God and man into concrete criticism practice.Berdyaev sees creation as the only way people get rid of objective slavery.Shetov saw the creation process from the God and man to the basementman in the Dostoevsky's works.The fourth chapter mainly expounds the unique way of thinking of religious literature criticism.The polymerization theory is not only the unique theological theme of the Orthodox Church,but also the way of thinking about the literature and art and the philosophical theory.Firstly,this chapter discusses the background and the basic connotation of this thought.The polymerization theory gradually evolved from the religious field to the field of philosophy and aesthetics,and formed the basic connotation of love and freedom as the core.Secondly,religious literary criticism regards a variety of factors organic unity of thinking of the polymerizability,as a cognitive model for evaluating literary works.This part focuses on Bulgakov's Sofia Worship Theory,Berdyaev's understanding of beauty and Rozanov's Critical Theory Focused on "Sex".Thirdly,under the influence of polymerizational thinking religious literary criticism has formed a unique standard of literary criticism.The representative theory of religious literary criticism includes Bulgakov's "religious-aesthetic standards of literary criticism" and Berdyaev's "overall mental phenomenon" criticism theory.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the "new religious consciousness" that religious literary criticism put forward.We believe that the creation of thought marks the further development of religious literature criticism from literary construction to cultural construction.Firstly,the critical theory of symbolism itself belongs to the category of religious literary criticism and is influenced by Slavic's philosophy and Symbolism literature.Religious literary criticismthink that the excellent literary works show the subject of the spiritual world and religious beliefs,while breaking the shackles of the objective reality.Secondly,the Exploration of "New Religious Consciousness" in religious literary criticism is based on the criticism of the traditional orthodox church and the establishment of the Theme of "Christ and Anti-Christ".Rozanov as an important representative of the "new religious consciousness",think that the new religion is not only in the traditional spirit of the Orthodox Church are closely linked,but also critical to inherit this religious thought.Merezkovsky is the main advocate of the "new religious consciousness" and is influenced by Rozanov.His "Christian and anti-Christ" proposition represents the antagonism and fusion of the spirit and the flesh.Thirdly,the construction of the symbolism of Merezkovsky is carried out under the guidance of the "new religious consciousness".The opposition and fusion of spirit and flesh became the basic theme of his novels.At the same time,Merezkovsky's literary criticism theory thinks that all literary works have symbolic factors,andregards the dualistic thinking of spirit and meat as the starting point for evaluating all the works.On this basis,Merezkovsky combines this binary opposition with the Russian national character,bringing its literary criticism with a more obvious tendency for cultural commentary.Finally,the cognition of religious literature criticism in cultural construction is perfected by the idea of cultural renaissance of Berdyaev.The sixth chapter analyzes the historical reflection and research value of religious literature criticism from the macroscopic perspective.Influenced by the religious mysticism,the thought establishes a new perspective to examine the literary works in the concrete criticism practice.At the same time,the way of analysis from the outside to the inside,it brings aesthetic experience changes.The "beauty of spirituality" proposed by Bulgakov became the ultimate goal of aesthetic criticism of religious literature.However,the theoretical limitations of religious literary criticism can not be ignored.This paper points out the main problems of the theory,as objective as possible,through the content of criticism,the way of criticism.In addition,this paper also analyzes the reference value and significance of religious criticism to Chinese literary criticism.In the conclusion part,religious criticism has long been away from us.But its theoretical life is still tenacious,and still has a certain guiding role for contemporary Russian literature and national culture.The literature of silver age as an important part of the Russian traditional culture is still full of exuberant vitality. |
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