Research On The Tone Of Jin Dialect In Central And Northern Shanxi

Jin dialect in central and northern Shanxi include Bingzhou group,Lvliang group,Wutai group and Dabao group in Shanxi.The tone of the regional dialect is very characteristic and has high research value,whether the synchronic or diachronic sound and class type.Since the last century in 80 s,Shanxi dialect research has attracted much attention,and there is a wealth of achievements in the study of the tone of Shanxi dialect.However,previous studies have focused on the dialects in the north,South and southeast area of Shanxi,literature review and theoretical discussion of research method,citation tones of the research object.This paper focused on Jin dialect in central and northern Shanxi,attentioned to describe and compare the modern dialect,using field investigation,experimental phonetics,mapping and data statistics,the regional dialect tone was to study fine and comprehensive.The synchronic parts,from the point to the group,the group to the region,to show the situation of the regional dialect tone.The diachronic parts,around the level tone regardless of dark and light,tone merged of dark level tone and rising tone,the entering tone and the neutral tone,with a total of four questions to examine the historical evolution process of the regional dialect tone.This paper composed of ten chapters.Chapter 1 is introduction and chapter 10 is the conclusion.The main body of the paper lay out from the synchronic description to the diachronic evolution of the tone.Chapter 2,3,4,5 are the synchronic description parts.Among them,Chapter 2,3,4 is the tone description of 15 representative dialects,and summarizes the general situation of each dialect group.Chapter 5 is to compare the different tone type of each dialect group and the whole area.The innovations of the parts as follows.Firstly,Some of the important values of the dialect of the tone to be investigated and described for the first time.The second,the overall appearance of the tone of Jin dialect in central and northern Shanxi,especially the appearance of tone sandhi is present.The third,the framework of single point dialect tone description differs from previous research.The non-overlapping word group is divided into two types by stress pattern.The neutral tone word is divided into lexical and grammar neutral tone word.The forth,we found that the AA overlapping noun of the level tone sandhi of the ancient voiceless word and the ancient voiced word are different in Taiyuan dialect.The fifth,we found that the entering tone length has two types at least by Praat.Chapter 6,7,8,9 are the diachronic evolution parts.We did four special researches to the level tone of Bingzhou group,the dark level tone and rising tone of Wutai group,the entering tone and the neutral tone of Jin dialect in central and northern Shanxi.Chapter 6 and 7 are different from previous study.Firstly,for the level tone of Bingzhou group and the dark level-rising tone of Wutai group,we divided the tone type and investigated the tone value,based on the comparison of tone and tone sandhi in the related area.Secondly,we try to compare with the ancient and modern tone value of surrounding Jin dialect and Mandarin dialects,to infer the evolution history of the level tone and the dark level-rising tone.As a result,we found that both the level tone of Bingzhou group and the dark level-rising tone of Wutai group have three types respectively,and they have continuity from separated to merged.Maybe they all experienced differentiation.Different dialects and different positions of tone sandhi have different merged degree.The merger is carried out by gradual value and lexical diffusion.The main merged reason is related to physiological mechanism,influenced by strong dialect.,and the similar value between two tones.In chapter 8,the entering tone and the softened and redistributed entering tone words were classified again,based on the statistics of the entering tone words number.Further the relation between the entering tone types and the motivation of softened and redistributed were discussed.At last,we found that the entering tone types can be divided into three categories and eight types,and there has evolution sequence between the three categories.The softened and redistributed entering tone words can be divided into four categories and ten types,and they redistributed by extrinsic motivation as main.In chapter 9,the neutral tone less be concerned in past study of Jin dialect is included.And the neutral tone types of Jin dialect in central and northern Shanxi were summed up preliminarily.Lastly,we found that most of neutral tone have lost their own tone.The tone value are not short or short,neither long nor short too many.The weakening degree of neutral tone is restricted by the source of vocabulary and grammar,the origin tone,the tone of the previous word and the distribution of the area.