The Development Logic Of Chinese Public Man

The thesis took the modern pubic man as the basic theoretical tool, utilized the method of historical analysis to study the development logic of the public man in China, simultaneously analyzed the declining phenomenon of the public man since the reform and opening-up policy, and probed into the remodeling direction and objective. The thesis put forward that the objective of development of the public man in China is the social public man. The main ideas of the basic thinking are as follows:The human being is the social animal, which must have the social public life in nature. As the human being participating social public life, human being is not only a social man, but a public man. The generation of public sphere theory declared the appearance of public man in political science significance. So called the public man, it means the action subject, the human being bearing the public spirit, going out of the narrow private space and intimate circle, joining various kinds of public spheres, positively participating the public interaction activities and promoting the public interests.In reality, there are different types of public man. The different public man have different social and public functions. Based on the different comprehension of the public, three important figures of modern west political philosophy, namely Hannah Arendt, Jurgen Habermas and Richard Sennett paid respectively attention to three different parts of the public sphere, and discovered three different kinds of public man, just constructed equilateral triangle of a public sphere and public man theory. The public sphere of Arendt is a kind of political public sphere which only discussed about the state and political issues, but only talked about economic or even moral issues, the people live in it, should be a kind of direct interactive political state public man with the country. The public sphere of Jurgen Habermas is the non-official social public sphere between the political state and private domain, the people live in it, should be a kind of political and social public man possessing functions of social criticism and political consultation. The public sphere paid great attention to by Richard Sennett is a kind of substantial daily life space site or the life public sphere, the public man to whom he paid great attention is a kind of daily life public man of social "binder". Of course, all these three famous theorists paid attention to is social public sphere, the public man is also the modern social public man, in their opinions, the public man should be free and autonomous&equal associated actors.In general, the public man has extensive political functions. The public man is the basis for social cohesion, political consultation and supervision, political and social mobilization, and the bridge for mutual cooperation of the state and the society, the foundation of political society, the cornerstone of the national governance and even the guarantee of the community. Without the public man, any community could not exist.Upon observing Chinese history and reality with the theory of the public man, we will explicitly discover traditional Chinese society has successfully bred the family public man, socialist construction period after the founding of the new China has brought up the national public man, since the reform and opening to the outside, the public man presented the tendency of declining, but, meanwhile, along with the state retreat and prominence of the society, a kind of new public man with modern temperament came to the stage logically, this is the public man. The remodeling target of the public man is also this kind of social public man.The family public man of the traditional Chinese society was the public man taking the family community (village) as the value standard. The family was not only the production unit, but also the living unit, every member of the family was an individual man, but also a public man, everyone attached great attention to the family interests, contacted frequently, kept watch and aided mutually, presented dense family collectivism, created excellent daily life order, and made great contribution to the long-term stability of the political order in feudal society, but, the family public man is the one formed spontaneously in the history, due to the limit of the historical conditions, it had to limit the family community, therefore, they were the narrow public man. Due to the control of the clan power, the family public man has no complete free personality, it could not escape the impact of modernization.The national public man is created by the mighty of the revolution mode of the state after the foundation of the new China. The national public man take the state as the value itself, enjoy a kind of collective production, collective life and the fervent public life with repeated fighting and continuous revolution, with intense political complexion, taking the strong collectivism as the ideological characteristics. But, the state public man have a extremely strong attachment to the collective and to the state after the collective, they are polarized public man only with the publicity, but no privacy, they are the ones of certain false and one-sidedness, they will never possibly last permanently.The reform and opening up policy has relieved the excessive dependence on the state and collective for the people, enabling the people to become for the first time the independent and autonomous individual. Yet, the wave of continual de-nationalization, depoliticization and de-domestication has rapidly brought in the excessive individualization, even individualism and egotism without societal morality. The people generally retreated to the private space, in order to mainly pursue the provide interest, and lost the power for the public intercourse based on the public affairs and public benefit activities, therefore, the public man declined rapidly. The declination of the public man and drop of social cohesion, the loss of moral, the weakening of governmental mobilization capacity, the bureaucrat corruption and crises of governmental legitimacy as well as a series of issues are connected, remodeling the public man has become an urgent issue.But, the state has gradually retreated since the reform and opening-up policy, the society has continuously appeared and brought in the social community based on the society while it also has prepared the hot bed for the public man of the new kind, they are also the social public man taking social community as the value itself. Social public man are the unity of the public man with modern specialty, and the public man of political state of Hannah Arendt, the public man of political state of Jurgen Habermas (social public man in narrow sense) and the daily life public man of Richard Sennett, and the true and rational public man of freedom, liberty, balanced collectivism and privacy. In view of the development trend of the social public man, they are also the public man pursing Marx's free and comprehensive man as the essence. In comparison to social public man family public man and national public man, social public man are more comprehensive, better and more advanced ones, they are the inevitable selection for remodeling the public man in our country.Up to now, the historic course and inner logics of the development of the public man in China have fully appeared: The development process of the public man in China, it not only has the logic necessity of theoretical evolution from spontaneous public man to unilateral public man, again to the social public man and heading for the comprehensive public man, furthermore, along with the promotion of modernization process in China, it also has the logic necessity of historic evolution from the family public man to the state public man, again to the social public man, Intensely fostering the public man of modern society in large scale is not only the urgent need for reserving the current trend of the declining of the public man, compacting the social and political basis, solving and relieving a series of relevant social and political problems, but the urgent need for fundamentally building interaction and cooperation relationship of the state and the society, and realizing the modernization of national governance system and modernization of national governance capacity. The successfully fostering of social public man relies on the fully knowledge of the social community, relies on the reconstitution of the public spirit of the new era taking a new collectivism as the core, also relies on the practice cultivation of colorful public life. The reality experience of the construction for the public man all over the country indicated that China is entirely capable of exploring the way for constructing the public man conforming to the development rule of modern public man and with Chinese characteristics.