Bustling Crowd:Politics Transformed By Life

In the 20th century, modern state construction was the key issue in the Chinese Politics.1911 Revolution marked a major step in the modern state construction through political institution revolution at the upper layer, but it did not change the political landscape at the grassroots level. Communism revolution seized the state power by mobilizing the grassroots people to participate in the revolution. After the establishment of new state, the state power penetrated into the rural society, and tried to reconstruction the mental world of people, develop homogeneous political personality and further realize the construction of modern state. In this background, this thesis investigates what were the ideas and actions of nonentities in the political movements. What was the mechanism decide their ideas and actions? Mainstream of the research noted that state power dominated people's ideas and actions in the political mobilization, and led to the frantic enthusiasm among them. In the fieldwork, author finds that the daily life rather than the state power influenced people's ideas and actions, and the life logic is the fundamental mechanism. Hence, this thesis constructs the analytic framework from the life perspective, and proposes the term "life converter of politics". This term can be divided into four mechinisms:life experience, life encounter, life risk and life needs.Chapter one is instruction, introducing the research questions of the thesis. After that it systemically reviews the research about people's ideas and actions in mobilization politics and proposes the analytic framework of the thesis. Introduction about the research methods, data and cases are followed.Chapter two is the research background. This research is put in the background of modern state construction, which was considered as the most important political issue in China's modern history. Reform at the end of Qing Dynasty laid the foundation for modern state construction, and 1911 Revolution was the first step. It is the Communism Revolution marked the pragmatic progress. After the establishment of PRC, state power penetrated into the whole society, and it intended to foster new socialists, construct homogeneous people in the society by top-down political mobilization. This thesis put the analysis of individual ideas and actions in the background of modern state construction, make its research and explanation to have common value.Chapter three describes the political spectator s' ideas and action patterns under the political mobilization, and analyzes how the life filtered and transformed the state power and make people become spectators both in ideas and action. It is thought that past kindness, humanist compassion, moral respect and fear, vice and virtue view and risk conciseness made people to keep calm mentally and unmoved in action.Chapter four describes the enthusiasts' ideas and action in the political mobilization, and analyzes how the life filtered and transformed the state power and make people become enthusiastic both in ideas and action. It is found that past unformatted experiences led to the political enthusiasm. Concretely, fears, torment of poverty, contempt in life, resentments accumulated in years directed to the enthusiasm in the political mobilization.Chapter five describes the ideas of actions in people's obedience, and analyzes how the life filtered and transformed the state power and make people become obedient both in ideas and actions. It is found that the risk in real life make people to be obedient, including moral risk of being ungrateful in the moral mobilization, forced mobilization, forced remolding and the safety risk under embargo of free speech.Chapter six describes the resisters' ideas and actions, and analyzes how the life filtered and transformed the state power and make people become resisters both in ideas and actions. The research found that the unfulfilling of basic life needs caused the resistance in political mobilization. To be concrete, widespread hungry and tiredness caused by sate's over deprivation on peasants, uneven distribution pushed people to openly express dissatisfaction, idleness in work and divide collective goods furtively.Chapter seven is conclusion. In political mobilization, state power has to be filtered and transformed by life before has influence on people's ideas. Life likes the prism between state and peasants, the light of state power is filtered and transformed and then shines on the ideas and actions of peasants. It leads to the colorful diversity in people's ideas, actions and characteristics. It further shows that in a state where people consider life as the highest objective, state power unavoidably meets frustration and failure when it uses unrealistic and ideal objective to mobilize and transform society. The enthusiasm in the mobilization cannot prove that people was transformed by the state. In another word, nationals of this country has the un-transformability which is the obstacle of political mobilization. Therefore, unmolding of nationals through political mobilization and mass movement, and further realizing the construction of modern state is difficult to have pragmatic progress.