| Due to the United States military and economic aid to Taiwan after the Korean war, and the KMT's policy of political centralization and economic advance, after 20 years of development, until the early 1970 s, Taiwan's economy, education and social structure has a great achievement, this time, the middle class began to rise. Part of the youth intellectual elite who received a foreign or local good education used the Taiwan authorities leaders of old and new turn in the short, relatively relaxed political environment to set off a "youth asked political movement", and strongly called for political reform, finally which opened the significant social movement in postwar Taiwan in the history of the 1970s. Chen Guying should be one of these young intellectual elite.Chen Guying is Mainlander who was born in Fujian Changting of the Hakka region. He was edified by the Taiwan University Yin haiguang's concept of freedom and democracy. He has participated in the liberal democracy as the target of Taiwan social movements from the 1970s.The establishment of University Journal is the starting point of Taiwan social movements in the 1970s, which was characterized by new generation of intellectual elite "youth asked political movement". Chen Guying served as the University Journal editor, and published The Letter to Mr Chiang ching-kuo, The Forthright Admonition of important affairs of state, Nine aspects of important affairs of state and so on, he wrote major articles. Chen Guying, together with other editors called on Taiwan authorities for social reform, political reform, in particular, he has played an important role.During the period of administration at University Journal, the Diaoyu islands issue caused overseas and young students'setting movement in Taiwan to Defend Diaoyu Islands Movement. Chen Guying and the University Journal group actively participated in the patriotic public opinion of Defending Diaoyu Islands, in the Defending Diaoyu Islands Movement, they consciously learned from foreign defend territories direction guide to the inward pursuit of democracy and freedom. Chen Guying, who took as National Taiwan University teacher, called for the development of democratic life in guarantee freedom of speech, and opening the students movement, which very warmly received. However, the students movement also led to the debate of nationalism, the independence of the debate began to emerge.As Chiang ching-kuo succession trend is determined, after the succession team forming, the authorities then regained control of the speech, the campus democracy movement took a hit. In 1973, what the event of Philosophy, National Taiwan University happened and the division of the University Journal group, which declared "youth asked political movement" and campus students movement ended in failure. Social movement, however, the fire is lit, it is hard to really put out. Chen Guying and his group who were the intellectual elite in pursuit of political innovation gradually shifted attention from campus to society. Their way of promoting social reform has gradually changed from the participation of speech to the action. They launched a human rights in various ways.Taiwan was still in the period of martial law at that time, human rights movement was hidden, more decentralized, sometimes need to cooperate with foreign organizations and individuals to carry out. In the late 70s, there was a breakthrough in this kind of hidden, fragmented social movement opportunities. Zhang Junhong, Xu Xinliang and others are all Taiwan province, who were splitting out from the University Journal Group. Since the mid -70s, they intended to use the opportunity of legal election, gradually with the grassroots, to develop an open, large-scale liberal democracy and political protest movement. Chen Guying and other mainland intellectuals also participated in the election. Although different provinces of intellectuals in the ethnic identity has been divided, but they shelved the dispute in the common goal of democracy and freedom. While the public election campaign was in full swing,in this time, the United States broke off diplomatic relations with the Taiwan authorities, Chiang Ching Kuo announced to postpone the election, stop campaign, which made movement came to a halt, suffered a setback.Chen Guying involved in Taiwan social movements in the 70's, which showed a variety of meanings. First, we can see that the democratic transition in Taiwan is not so simple from the Chiang ching-kuo's a paper document to lift martial law, but the result of the accumulation of resistance movement which were gradually pushed on by social elite, especially, after the rise of the Taiwan middle-class, so, the authorities' final retreat was a choice of unwillingness. Second, we can see the struggle, sacrifice and contribution of the intellectuals from other provinces in the process of political transition in Taiwan, unlike some of the contemporary “Taiwan independence” people declared that democracy is the people's emancipation in the province to the mainlanders. The “Taiwan independence”, in the name of democracy, seek to get rid of the other provinces and sinicization, which is a baseless fallacy. Third, from the article, we can see that, as a pair of important categories in the social thoughts in modern China, democracy and ethnic relations can present a different aspects in different situation. Before 1949, the period of KMT ruling in mainland China, the social democracy movement was often shown as a democracy must obey the urgent national mission, at this point, we can see the nation can overwhelm the democracy. The above of situation still continued at the beginning of the KMT retreated to Taiwan, but to the 1970s, democratic movement from the middle class, which can show the democracy with unification and independence of the same side, the contrast of democracy being prior to nation is particularly worthy of fine understanding and observing of the historical movement scholars. |
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