Research "Knowledge" And "Practice" After 1949

The research content of this paper is the Chinese modern intellectuals in the contemporary political life choices and value pursuit in life.This article selected the Guo Moruo,Qian Zhongshu,Fu Lei as the main research object,analyzed their"knowledge" and "practice" after 1949.Selection of the above three,first,because in the relationship with the new era of intellectuals,three people go to participate in politics,respectively from politics,talking about political road,is a representative;Second,three big personality differences,different life experiences,for human culture,distinctive can issues up for the center with three different characteristics of intellectuals;Finally,in the contrast of jagged and collision,we can see that Chinese modern intellectuals different values,outlook on life,and the resulting tough choices and explore.Although three people were poets,scholars,artists and other humanities intellectuals,with their natural and social sciences of the intellectuals are different,but the specific historical environment thirty years after the founding of new China,the relationship between them and the new age will eventually be attributed to participate in politics,to avoid politics,and to talk about politics.Of course,these three roads are roughly classified,each person’s situation is not the same.Participation in politics can be divided into active and passive.There are different reasons and ways to avoid politics.And Talk politics can be divided into public and private.However,the differences of different subjects intellectuals was narrowed the specific historical environment,their spiritual process,the condition of mentality and personality presents many characteristics at the time.Although this thesis mainly analysis the literary intellectuals,to the natural and social science class intellectuals also have certain reference significance.Rather than being a sample and a typical,the three intellectuals are a window to observe the spiritual and social conditions of the time.In the transformation of history,they try to realize their own values and ideals of life,but due to the limitations of subjective and objective reasons,they finally fell into the national and political power of entanglement.In the era of pan-politicization culture and pan-moralist,their roles and functions of intellectuals have left profound experience and lessons for contemporary intellectuals.There are many different kinds of foreign research of intellectuals and rich achievements;domestic research,though starting late,but with Chinese characteristics.This thesis attempts to establish a new framework of the research of intellectuals,namely the person and the combination of text,in character as the breakthrough point,discusses the necessity of their life choices made by different,as well as "the style is the man" and the reasons and performance of "the style is not the man".Compared with the existing research,this thesis highlights the character of intellectuals for the influence of human culture,and to break through the confine of the typical study,in order to "connection" for the idea,put everyone in the horizontal comparison,the field of longitudinal comparison,try to be as objective,comprehensive and fair evaluation of their gain and loss,as in the group of intellectuals personality and mentality,and to explore the renegade of their nature of intellectuals and the necessity and the possibility of return.The full text of the overall architecture is as follows:The introduction parts of this thesis expounds the significance of the selected topic and the research path,the relevant research literature at home and abroad were reviewed and introduced,points out the existing research results and limitations.Text is divided into five chapters,chapter 1 and chapter 5 is about thesis,the middle three chapters to research the individual as the center,supplemented by comparative study group.I chose this historic year 1949 as the observation angle;watch the intellectuals in the turning point of national feelings,performance and choice.At that time,the communist party of China is the victory on the battlefield;it has to do with the Kuomintang in the field of culture for the climax.For intellectuals,is dangerous and opportunity coexist,despair and hope symbiosis,panic under the situation of them to make the life and death choice.For intellectuals,is dangerous and opportunity coexist,despair and hope symbiosis,panic under the situation of them to make the life and death choice.Leftist intellectuals consciously no sweet without sweat,but don’t know blessing to contingency.Liberal intellectuals thought get race,live up to the heart,facing the future or reason or blood or hesitation,but don’t know the situation,not a choice left is to choose right.Right-wing intellectuals repeatedly measured and weighed.Leave the country’s later life and death is uncertain.Leave the country peace,but become a wanderer.When looking back on it,their choice is not a whim;thinking twice probably is just appearance.The choice of 1949 closely related to their life experiences before,and the necessity of including more than a chance,so any hypothesis about 1949 don’t have the too big significance.The second chapter with Guo Moruo as research center,judge him as both artist and politician’s life,bring him in the profit and loss of political power.This chapter is divided into four sections,the first section discusses the personality characteristics of Guo Moruo,selected the impact of his life a few personality traits for trace analysis,different from ordinary people such as his bright,bold,he constantly and continuously create enterprising spirit so that he can come to the fore.Second section focus on Guo Moruo’s life pursuit and creation,he has a clear political ideas and the ability to have the courage to practice,"goddess" made his position in the literary world,but also became his ironic images of social practice.The third section mainly speaks in the vortex of power,literature and art became tools in the hands of Guo Moruo,represented by his group of intellectuals and the distortion of the personality.The fourth section discusses the consequences of intellectuals and pesters power;they are not only lost the freedom of academic research on literary and artistic creation,and the independence of personality,moral bottom line and dignity of life.Power can let intellectuals get honor and position,can also help them realize the life value and ideal,also will make them lose the spiritual home of body and mind was laid.One cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs.Can you find balance depends on their own pursuit and choice.Intellectuals participate in today’s society is indispensable,balance in the secular world and meaning world,the relationship between reconstruction on the role and function of modern Chinese intellectuals,Guo Moruo provided us a lot of experience.The third chapter is about Qian Zhongshu who is devoted to learning and avoiding power and explore the possibility of Chinese modern intellectuals pursue transcendence.In the first section,Qian Zhongshu’s personality is chosen as the main character,and his unique personality traits are discussed.From the mutual recognition of other people’s cognition and self cognition,it can be seen that Qian Zhongshu’s position and demand for himself.The second section discusses the significance of "knowledge" in Qian Zhongshu,discusses his academic ideal and academic achievement,as an initiative to explore the knowledge boundary,tries to break through the existing system of scholars,his attempt is successful or not is a problem each one according to his lights.Rise of "knowledge of Qian",is exaggerated or self related scholars has its unique value,is worth discussing.The third section focuses on Qian Zhongshu’s life experience and social practice.In his works,the author of the thesis has a discussion on the intellectuals,and the idea of"the style is not the man" is very biased and profound too.Qian Zhongshu and his wife Yang Jiang have been to professional scholars,they treat sanity to changes in the situation,keep a distance from political power to.But in the very period of extensive political diffuse across the country,they can not refuse,also cannot leave,only in a silent way to resist the left thought.This silence is to hold the bottom line of noble revolt,or worldly-wise and play safe ostrich strategy,today it is worth pondering.The fourth chapter focuses on Fu Lei.The first section focuses on Fu Lei’s character,with several animal to describe the personality characteristics of the corresponding Fu Lei,from the description of family and friends and Fu Lei’s self evaluation,it can be inferred that Fu Lei has borderline personality disorder significantly,which greatly influenced his life.The second section focuses on the characteristics and achievements in the translation of Fu Lei,"tracing spirit theory"suggests that it is not Fu Lei’s original,but has its own development process,Fu Lei only with outstanding achievements in the practice of translation theory."Letters from the Fu Lei family" is the study of Fu Lei and the power relations of the entrance.As the modern intellectual China deeply influenced by traditional culture,there is a strong contradiction between social life and rural life in his thoughts.Although due to personal character and ability,his social practice is not much,but privately pointing country,concerned about current affairs in 30s and 40s,and public administrative experience,it shows that the traditional literati "ethical philosophy" in his thought spirit.Fu Lei after the founding of the new regime has a positive and close relation of cooperation,but the change of the situation drove him back to his study named "might storm".As the pursuit of Fu Lei this profound humanistic spirit of freedom and independence of intellectuals,neither friendly nor aloof relationship between them and the power distance,well can body back,otherwise the jade and stone burned together.The third section analyzes the fu lei Zhu Meifu couples the subjective and objective reasons of suicide,suicide is studied for the multiple significance of intellectuals and intellectuals in the suicide note,revealed the secrets of the state of mind.Character of fu lei didn’t live with shame.An unnatural death of an intellectual its causes the same,the mindset is different,and different mentality revealed a different life pursuit and value orientation.The fifth chapter is comprehensively reviewed.The first section summarizes the modern intellectuals in the political power and the dispute of their role,the function of the difficult exploration.They were involved in politics,avoided politics,discussed politics,everyone is mixed,and there is pain and happiness.In the extensive political culture in modern Chinese and the extensive moral thinking of historical conditions,their choices inevitably constrained by the objective conditions.Therefore,the objective and comprehensive criticism of intellectuals can not ignore the specific environment in which they are,we need to have a horizontal and vertical comparison of the vision.The second section summarizes several twentieth Century Chinese intellectuals have the common knot contradiction,pointed out that the road of reflection of modern intellectuals in today’s reference significance.The environment of the contemporary intellectuals is more complex,the choice and temptation are more,the differentiation of the intellectual groups is inevitable,and the way to go is gradually clear.The Chinese went to the social transition period,in the trend of deepening the reform,social role and social function of intellectuals have take is not clear,the main reason is that intellectuals to reflect on their own lack of knowledge in the secular world has been away from the essence of their pursuit.Every road has its own value and significance,but the construction and dissemination of the human spirit and the exploration of the significance of the world should be done by every intellectual.Conclusion part,on the one hand,summarizes the full text,in the process of setting up the history of the modern nation-state,comprehensively and objectively to think what they walked through the road.On the other hand,imagine the possibility of a contemporary intellectuals return to spiritual pursuit.Although the secular civilization with the pursuit of modernity has constructed the scientific,legal,institutional and other social structures,it has little advantage in the construction of morality,spirit and mind.The higher the degree of social secularization,the pursuit of the ultimate meaning of the more urgent,which is the intellectual construction of the spiritual kingdom of solid soil.This thesis is to study the intellectuals,but also in the study of people,to explore the spirit of reflection and transcendence.The situation is stronger than people,but it is also man-made.Drift or forge ahead,play dumb or pioneering,finally decided by yourself.